Report of the State Entomolootst. 



199 



The larva3 of the Eiiropeiin Ph. Jlava, according to Doubleday, are 

 subcutaneous in the leaves of Scolopendrinm vulgare (hart's-tongue — a 

 fern, which also occurs, although rarely, in Central New York). 



Ph. flavict'].)s mines the leaves of the woodbine, and Ph. obscurella, 

 those of the holly (Holiday). The latter, according to Glover, feeds 

 on honeysuckle and pupates in the earth. 



Ph. nigricor>iis Macq., according to Curtis, mines in the underside 

 "of leaves of turnips, peas, etc., and forms long galleries beneath the 

 lower cuticle, at the end of which the pupa is formed. . Glover has 

 figured the fly on plate x, fig. 12, of his MS. Notes on Diptera. It is 

 also figured in Mr. Whitehead's " Eeport on Insects Injurious to Koot 

 and certain other Crops," 1887, as the "black-horned tui-nip-leaf 

 miner." Its method of mining the leaves of turnips is shown in a 

 figure, and described as burrowing in the parenchyma under the 

 cuticle of the lower side of the leaf, so that it can not be seen in look- 

 ing at the leaf from above. As many as eighty of its larvse had been 

 counted in a single Swede plant. Kaltenbach states that this species 

 mines the leaves of monkshood [Aconitum]. 



An Aquilegia Leaf- miner of Similar Habits. 



I am under many obligations to Dr. James S. Cooley, of Glen Cove, 

 N. Y., for first calling my attention to the operations of Phytomyza 

 lateralis; for sending me material from time to time for its observation, 

 and for communicating to me information regarding it. 



Dr. Cooley has also sent leaves of a columbine, Aquilegia, which 

 have been destroyed by the 

 operations of a leaf-miner, 

 the attack of which is made 

 only during the summer. 

 The mines usiially start at 

 near the base of a leaf, are 

 pretty broad even at the 

 commencement, are wavy or 

 curved at times in their pro- 

 gress toward one of the 

 lobes, w^here they terminate, 

 not in a blotch, for the 

 larvae leave them (probably 

 for pupation in the ground) 

 at this point, through a 

 rupture of the cuticle (often 

 crescentic) at their outer 

 margin. The mines, of which there may be three or four on a single 



Fig. 33.— Columbine leaves showing operations of 

 an unknown leaf -miner. 



