loiu-isii.j 443 



of these often remain united as in life. This modern instance has 

 a most interesting bearing upon the deposition of shelly clays and 

 gravels in Ireland, which are associated similarly with scratched 

 stones. Cora Island in Spitsbergen serves, in fact, as a model 

 that enables us to realise the invasion of the ice from the Irish Sea 

 over our own tundras in glacial- times. The fauna and flora along 

 the coast of Spitsbergen, though the only tree is a Willow about 

 half an inch in height, show that glacial conditions by no means 

 imply the extinction of living things. 



The paper was illustrated by views of Irish glacial deposits, 

 several being by the President, Mr. R. J. Welch, and by numerous 

 Spitsbergen landscapes, photographed by the author in 1910. 



Mr. William Gray, M.R.I. A., proposed a formal vote of thanks 

 to Professor Cole, and commented on the admirable manner in 

 which the lecturer had made use of the knowledge gained in 

 Spitsbergen in explaining some of the most difficult problems of 

 Irish Geology. Mr. W. A. Traill, in seconding the vote, pointed 

 out the great necessity of travel to a geologist when dealing with 

 questions of such magnitude as the Ice Age. The vote having 

 been put to the meeting by the President, and passed by acclama- 

 tion, Professor Cole briefly replied. 



Rev. W. C. Steele, B.D., and Mr. Francis K. Fenton were 

 elected members before the conclusion of the meeting. 



DISCUSSION ON THE MEANS OF DISPERSAL OF PLANTS AND 

 ANIMALS. 



Under the auspices of the Zoological Section a meeting was 

 held on 1st March, the Chairman of the Section, Mr. Nevin H. 

 Foster, M.B.O.U., presiding. The Chairman said that the 

 meeting had been convened for the purpose of discussing the 

 Presidential Address, which dealt with the dispersal of plants and 

 animals, and the manner by which Ireland had been stocked. 

 On this night the discussion was limited to the means of dispersal. 

 Mr. R. LI. Praeger, E.E., M.R.I. A., dealt with the dispersal of 



