their succession and sealed up beneath stalagmitic floors for the 

 exploration of modern scientists. The typical example of this 

 kind in Britain is that of Kept's Cavern, in Devonshire, explored 

 under the direction of the British Association, whose agents dis- 

 covered in addition to the evidence of Primitive Man — (a) a group 

 of wild animals now utterly extinct from the world, (b) a group 

 existing elsewhere but entirely removed from Britain, and (c) a 

 group of animals that live to the present in Britain. Mr. Gray 

 described and exhibited examples of the calcareous beds under 

 which the fossil animal remains occur. 



In dealing with the limestone formation of geological times 

 Mr. Gray took our Antrim Chalk resting upon the Greensand 

 formation as typical of all other limestone formations, which are 

 always more or less associated with sandstone deposits, both 

 being marine or sedimentary. With this difference — the sand- 

 stones represent the shore or mechanical deposits and the limestone 

 represents the deep sea deposit, or the deposit of vital origin, like 

 all our fossil limestones of every period, possibly including some 

 of our primary or metamorphic limestones whose organic remains 

 may have been obliterated by metamorphic action. Mr. Gray 

 exhibited examples of this kind from our Antrim Chalk and Lias, 

 the alteration having been produced by basaltic contact. 



Mr. Gray referred to the nature and extent of all our limestone 

 formations in Antrim and Down, of which we have a greater 

 variety than usual in one limited locality, including Chalk, Lias, 

 Permian, Carboniferous and Primitive Limestones, of which 

 illustrative examples were exhibited and their peculiarities fully 

 explained. 



The limestones absent from our locality, including the 

 Oolitic, Triassic, and Devonian were also described in their order, 

 and illustrated by suitable examples, together with a varied series 

 of the principal marbles of Ireland, the examination of which 

 added considerably to the interest of the meeting. 



