PACKAGE EXPERIMENTS, 1906-7. 



19 



Table V. — Effect of fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas on scales and fruit in different 

 kinds oj packages. (Package series.) 



Experi- 

 ment 

 No.— 



Variety of 

 apple. 



Kind of package and 

 condition of fruit. 



Rate at 

 used. 



26 Ben Davis 



Barrel, slat bottom, 

 top out: fruit dry. 



Barrel, slat bottom, 

 top in; fruit dry. 



Barrel just from bold 

 storage, iron header 

 in lower end; fruit 

 wet from condensa- 

 tion. 



Barrel not opened; 1 

 hour from cold stor- 



30 do Barrel with twenty 



31 



.do. 



1-inch auger holes 

 in each end; fruit 

 moist. 

 Barrel with twenty 

 f-inch auger holes 

 in each end; fruit 

 dry. 



32 do Barrel open at top; 



fruit dry. 

 York Imperial. 



33 



Barrel unopened; 



fruit dry. 

 34 do Barrel, top open; fruit 



dry. 

 35 Baldwin Barrel, iron header in 



bottom; fruit moist. 



3G do Barrel, top open; fruit 



j moist. 



37 do Barrel, iron header in 



bottom, top open; 



.do. 



.do. 



Rhode Island 



Greening. 

 do 



42. 



.do. 



fruit moist. 



Barrel, lower head 

 with twenty f-inch 

 auger holes; fruit 

 moist. 



Barrel, both ends 

 with twenty f-in€h 

 auger hole's; fruit 

 moist. 



Barrel, iron header at 

 bottom; fruit dry. 



Bushel box, fruit un- 

 wrapped; dry. 



Bushel box, fruit 

 wrapped; dry. 



Gr. per 



cu.ft. Hours. 

 0.20 



Num- 

 ber of 

 scales 

 exam- 

 ined. 



.20 

 .30 



2,030 

 2,070 

 2.467 



1.709 

 1.805 



1,820 



1,505 

 1.570 

 4.640 

 3,150 

 3,450 

 3.150 



3.300 



Effect on 

 scales. 



A few alive 

 All dead.. 

 1 scale aliv< 



Many live 

 scales. 



Effect on 

 fruit. 



All dead 



.do. 



....do 



Many live 



scales. 

 ....do 



All dead 



....do 



....do 



....do 



3.401 do 



5,535 

 2.970 

 3.825 



A few scales 



alive. 

 All dead 



do 



No injury. 

 Do. 

 Do. 



Do. 

 Do. 



Do. 



Do. 

 Do. 

 Do. 

 Do.' 

 Do. 

 Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Fruit badly 



injured. 



Do. 



Do. 



In experiments Nos. 26 and 27 the fruit was fumigated November 

 14, 1906, and as the variety used, Ben Davis, was not sufficiently 

 infested with scales for purposes of later examinations, about one- 

 third bushel of badly infested Baldwins was placed in the center of 

 each of the barrels and carefully repacked. The slat bottom used 

 consisted of several strips of wood fastened so as to replace the lower 

 head and hold the fruit in place. In No. 26 the upper barrel head 

 was also removed, leaving the fruit fully exposed above and below, 

 and, as the packages in all cases were supported by the open platform 

 in the box, the gas could pass through the barrel, thoroughly sur- 

 rounding the fruit. The treatment of barrel in No. 27 differed only 

 in leaving in the top of the barrel, this being open at the bottom 

 only. Two examinations of the Baldwin apples from center of 

 barrels were made at intervals of two weeks. In the first, Novem- 



