PACKAGE EXPERIMENTS, 1906-7. 21 



In experiment No. 39 the barrel was fumigated just as it came 

 from the cold-storage plant an hour previous. Owing to the moist 

 conditions under which it had been stored, the cracks of the barrel 

 were very tight, and it was hardly expected that the gas could pene- 

 trate the package sufficiently to kill the scales to any extent, which 

 proved to be the case. The package was fumigated December 12, 

 1906, and December 27 apples from the top, middle, and bottom of 

 the barrel were examined. Of the 1 ,709 scales counted, many were 

 unquestionably alive. 



With Nos. 30 and 31, twenty f-inch auger holes were bored into 

 each end of the barrel, thoroughly perforating them to allow ready 

 access of the gas. The barrel used in No. 30 was an hour from cold 

 storage, and the fruit was wet with condensed moisture, the tempera- 

 ture of the fruit being 1° C. In case of No. 31, the fruit was thor- 

 oughly dried by spreading on the floor of the basement room, and 

 then repacked. Fumigation was done December 12 and 13, respec- 

 tively, and examinations made December 27 and 28, using apples from 

 the top, middle, and bottom of the barrels, and in neither were any 

 live scales to be found, nor was any injury to the fruit to be noted, 

 then or subsequently. 



Experiments Nos. 33 and 34, using the York Imperial variety, were 

 made December 13. With No. 33 the fruit was well dried on the 

 floor of the basement room, and then repacked, the barrel headed 

 up as usual. In this package (examined December 28), of a total of 

 1,570 scales counted, 152 were unquestionably alive. In No. 34 the 

 fruit had been taken from cold storage about eighteen hours before, 

 and kept in the basement room. The top of the barrel was removed; 

 otherwise the package was undisturbed. The first examination 

 (December 28) of fruit from the top, middle, and bottom of the 

 barrel included a total of 4,640 scales, of which 91 were considered 

 doubtfully dead. Upon the second examination (January 15), 

 including 2,680 scales, 6 were doubtfully dead. 



In experiments Nos. 35 to 39, using the Baldwin variety, the fruit 

 had been held in ordinary cellar storage by the orchardist in western 

 New York until about January 1 , when it was shipped to Washington, 

 and received January 17, and at once placed in cold storage until 

 January 22, when it was removed for fumigation. As shown in the 

 table, these included a variety of tests, all scales being killed and 

 without injury to the fruit. But one examination of this lot was 

 made (February 20-21), using apples as previously from the top, 

 middle, and bottom of barrels. 



In Nos. 40 to 42 the Rhode Island Greening variety was used, also 

 from the same orchard in western New York. Fumigation of No. 

 40 was done December 12, and owing to the scarcity of infested apples 

 of this variety, about one-third bushel was placed in the bottom, 

 center, and top of the barrel, respectively, using Baldwin and Ben 

 Davis apples to fill up the balance of the barrel. The fruit was care- 



