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 North American Cercopidae, with a BibHographical and Synonymical 

 Catalogue of the Described Species of North America. 



Kirkaldy, G. W. 1906 (Feb.). Leaf-Hoppers and their Natural Enemies. 

 Entomological Bulletin I. Part 9. 



Lallemand, V. 1913. Genera Insectorum,, P. Wytsman. Homoptera, 

 Family Cercopidae. 



Metcalf, Z. P. 1915 (July). A List of Homoptera of North Carolina. 

 Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Vol. xxxi, No. i. 



Metcalf, Z. P. 1917 (March). The Wing Venation of the Cercopidae. 

 Annals Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. x, No. i, 27-31. 



Osborn, Herbert. 1895. The Phylogeny of Hemiptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. 

 of Wash., Vol. iii, 185-90. 



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Provancher. 1889. Hemipteres du Canada, pages 251-60. 



Uhler. 1876. List of Hem.iptera of the Region West of the Mississippi 

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Family CICADIDAE. 

 By William Thompson Davis. 



This family contains the well known "periodical cicada," incor- 

 rectly called a "locust," also the "harvest flies." In some parts of 

 our country these insects are called "jar-fiies" and "singers." 

 They are readily distinguished from all other native Homoptera by 

 their large size and the ability of the males to produce a shrilling 

 sound, which differs for each species often quite as markedly as 

 the songs of various kinds of birds. This song is produced in the 

 males by the rapid vibration of the timbals situated at the base of 

 the abdomen. Strong muscles are attached to these organs and 

 when the insect is in full song the whole body is often seen to 

 vibrate. The eggs are laid either in the small branches of trees 

 and in lesser plants, as in the case of the periodical cicada, or in 

 the bark of the trunk, or in old dead branches, etc., as in most of 

 the other species. From these situations the larvae, when hatched, 

 fall to the ground, burrow, and suck sap from the roots of trees, 

 bushes and herbaceous plants for many years, for they grow but 

 slowly. The length of the life cycle of most of our species is 

 unknown, that of the periodical cicada, from the fact that the same 

 brood appears once every seventeen years, being the only one 

 about which a definite statement can be made. 



The members of this family have three ocelli, placed in the form 

 of a triangle on the summit of the head between the compound 

 eyes. The antennae have a short basal joint, surmounted by a 

 hair-like process divided into about five parts or segments. The 

 front femora are armed with teeth. 



