102 W. A. LAMBORN. 



the new puparia, of wiiicii twenty-six yielded flies (twelve males and fourteen 

 females) during late September and the first week of October, the remainder dying. 



The morsitans area in the neighbourhood of the Livingstonia Peninsula and 

 running inland for miles, so as probably to be continuous with the great area running 

 down the west bank of the bed of the former Shire River, had undoubtedly been 

 infested with these flies for many years, various natives, well on in years, stating 

 that they remember them even when they were children ; whereas the area running 

 from Domira Bay up north to Kotakota, and beyond it, and south towards Dedza, 

 in which the fly is far more abundant, has undoubtedly been more recently occupied 

 by them ; for many of the younger Government officials remember when large 

 herds of cattle grazed on its wide dambos, now entirely destitute of all domestic 

 animals, though there are large settlements of natives. The evidence would seem 

 to suggest that the abundance of the fly thereabouts may be due to the failure of 

 the natural parasites to keep equal pace with the fly in the migration which has 

 occurred. 



Glossina brevipalpis. 



This species was found by the writer in the same area with morsitans in 

 the course of a journey through a stretch of twenty miles of country between 

 the mouth of the Bua River, twelve miles north of Kotakota, and that of the 

 Duangwa, in every ravine and hollow where large shade trees were associated 

 mth heavy undergrowth. As showing how readily the presence of this fly may be 

 overlooked it may be remarked that on the outward journey not one was seen, 

 and that it was only on the retm-n that the capture of two males in the early morning 

 suggested a search. Many were then taken at dusk, and the numbers of the puparia 

 obtained will show how numerous the flies really must have been. 



On the 12th of the month a systematic search for their breeding places was com- 

 menced. A httle scratching with a bit of stick in the loose sandy soil, much hghtened 

 by humus, among the herbaceous vegetation beneath a huge shade tree soon brought 

 to fight twenty pupa-cases ; more were found during the pitching of the tent, and a 

 gang of raw natives who had been attentive to the mode of search were then put 

 to the work. Within four hours the most industrious man had got together 390 

 puparia (old and new), two others bringing in 267 and 257 respectively, and between 

 the 12th and 15th a total of no less than 13,838 old puparia, with 248 new ones, 

 were found by them. At the same time in these breeding places only 23 puparia 

 (17 old and 6 new) of G. morsitans were found, showing how difierent are the 

 breeding places selected, for morsitans was present in swarms. 



Twelve of the old puparia of G. brevipalpis were whole except for a small puncture 

 which had probably given exit to parasites, though neither on this occasion, nor 

 when the puparia were previously studied, were any of these obtained. The 

 perforations were of two kinds, one about the size of the head of a small pin and 

 situated usually midway between the two poles, and the other a much larger breach 

 less regularly rounded and more commonly towards one or other pole. Twenty- 

 eight only of the new puparia yielded flies (13 males and 15 females), and all the rest 

 perished. All these flies came out an hour or two before dusk, except five, all males 

 which emerged, four at about 10 a.m., one at 2 p.m. 



