318 



C. F. M. SWYNNERTON. 



made in connection with the tsetse work ; Mr. E. C. Chubb, Curator of the Durban 

 Museum, for his identification, still incomplete, of the small mammals trapped 

 by me in a dry season breeding centre of G. morsitans ; and the Director of Mines, 

 Ma9eque9e, for his kind loan of the Geological Survey Report. Mr. W. M. Longden, 

 who spent many months with the Chief Gungunyana, has kindly sent me many 

 interesting notes on Manikusa's and Umzila's wars. 



Lastly, I have to thank His Excellency the Governor of the Mozambique Com- 

 pany's Territory for his sympathetic interest in the undertaking, and the readiness 

 with which he provided for the expenses of the expedition. 



II. — Nature of the Country Investigated. 



The country investigated lies chiefly in the Mossurise but partly in the Moribane 

 district, and in the main between the Buzi and Lusitu Rivers. East of the latter 

 river's great southward bend it is bounded by the southern termination of the 

 splendid Chimanimani massif with peaks of over 8,000 feet, and by that of the 

 Mabiti highlands. Its most prominent physical feature is the straight, high, 

 narrow Sitatonga Ridge that, pointing to the magnetic north, cuts at right angles 

 to the two rivers and effectively shuts off the lowland plains east of it from the 

 foot-hill and valley country to its west. The latter is divided further by two rivers, 

 the Mtshanedzi and the Puizisi, which flow out from the direction of the political 

 border, but turn off, the former to the Buzi, the latter to the Lusitu, shortly before 

 reaching the Sitatongas. The valleys are low and broad, as is that flanking the 

 Sitatongas on that side, and it was these valleys that were the site of the guard-area 

 employed by Umzila for the protection of the enclosed country — a successful 

 measure against fly which I shall describe below. 



Between the Lusitu and Puizisi, between the latter and the Mtshanedzi, and 

 again between the Mtshanedzi and the Buzi, are three hill systems, the first two 

 backed by and rising strongly to the highlands of the British frontier (see Map), 

 the other consisting of independent second-rate heights rising from broken country 

 that falls away gradually to the eastward-flowing Buzi. 



The elevation varies from well over 4,000 feet (1,220 metres) on Moimt Umtareni 

 and the Sitatonga crests, and 3,700 at Spungabera, to 2,000 and 1,000 feet and less 

 in the lower valleys between the Sitatongas and the British border. East of the 

 Sitatongas the general elevation would be nearer 500 to 600 feet. Indirectly at any 

 rate, elevation is an important factor here in relation to the permanent distribution 

 of tsetse. 



I had no means of taking altitudes, but the following aneroid readings, taken 

 by him in 1917, have very kindly been given me by Mr. R. W. Jack. 



Inyamadzi River, on British border 



Lusitu River, near British border 



Lusitu, near Haroni Junction 



Mossurise River on Spungabera-Masanjena Road 



Gogoyo, Dysart Concession 



Mtobe's Kraal . . . . . . . . about 



Mafusi's Kraal 

 Spungabera . . 

 Jersey homestead . . 



2,200 feet ( 



' 679 metres) 



1,300 „ ( 



' 396 „ ) 



1,100 „ 



( 335 „ ) 



950 „ ( 



290 „ ) 



1,200 „ ( 



' 366 „ ) 



1,000 „ ( 



' 305 „ ) 



2,200 „ { 



; 670 „ ) 



3,700 „ ( 



;i,i37 ,, ) 



2,800 „ { 



; 853 „ ) 



