BIONOMICS OF TSETSE, ETC., IN THE GOLD COAST. 211 



species of lizards, crocodile (Crocodilus niloticus and cataphractus), yellow-spotted 

 monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus), puff adder (Bitis arietans), and black cobra (Naia 

 nigricollis). 



In the case of the baboon, monkey, civet, porcupine and Paradoxa, negative 

 results were obtained by blood examination. When no parasites were found, guinea- 

 pigs were injected, but the results were again negative. Consequently, we are fairly 

 safe in asserting that no parasites were present. 



In addition to those given in the foregoing list, I also examined two reed-buck, 

 one roan antelope, one bush-buck, and one grey duiker, in July 1914. 



It must be here pointed out that Glossina tachinoides calls for consideration as well 

 as G. palpalis and G. submorsitans, as according to Bouet, Roubaud and Gallagher, 

 the former species carries Trypanosoma brucei in its natural state in West Africa. 

 Dr. Moiser also states that at Mulgue, near Maifoni, the natives assert that tsetse kill 

 horses and cattle in that district, and this species is G. tachinoides. There can be little 

 doubt that this is so, as it is the most common species on the upper reaches of the 

 River Volta, and practically the only species at Yapi for the greater part of the year. 

 I lost two ponies with trypanosomiasis at Yapi within a few months. 



The following are the parasites identified in the blood of the animals shot. Of the 

 three warthog shot at Kofaba on 6th February 1916, two contained a scanty infection 

 of what was apparently Trypanosoma pecorum. Trypanosomes have already been 

 found in the blood of warthog (Bevan). Several writers have noted the close 

 association between tsetse and warthog, although in all fairness I must say that this 

 fact has never been evident to me. 



The reed-buck shot at Daboya on 10th April 1914 contained an undoubted infection 

 of T. vivax. This fact is extremely important, as the animal was shot not 400 yards 

 from the road and enormous numbers of cattle pass this road daily during the time 

 when the river is low, on their way to Kintampo and Coomassie. 



Of the reed-buck shot at the same place on the following day, Dr. J. W. S. Macfie, 

 to whom I submitted the slide says : — 



1 The reed-buck had a few trypanosomes, some undoubtedly with a free flagellum. 

 I only found a few parasites and it was not easy to make much of them, but I don't 

 think they were T. vivax. I think they were of the polymorphic group which includes 

 T. gambiense, T. pecaudi, etc. I did not of course find any posterior nuclear forms. 

 All it is possible to say is that the trypanosomes appeared to belong to the poly- 

 morphic group (sometimes incorrectly called, the T. brucei group), and that it is 

 impossible to exclude the chance that they may have been T. gambiense." 



The blood of both of the oribi shot at Kabampwi on 2nd May 1916 showed a few 

 piroplasms. They were exactly like Theileria mutans, very common in cattle in the 

 Northern Territories. They were either Theileria (Piroplasma) mutans itself, or a 

 closely allied species. Todd and Wolbach have noted a similar parasite in the roan 

 antelope, which they called T. hippotragi, but I do not think one has previously been 

 found in the oribi. 



The blood of the haartebeeste shot at Gwa on 20th June 1916, and that of the red- 

 flanked duiker shot at the bush camp at Larabanga on 10th July 1916, both contained 

 a Babesia resembling Theileria parva. 



(C419) b2 



