JUNCTIONS OF TRANSITION AND SECONDARY STRATA. 35 



probable, then, that the elevation of the range took place 

 after the deposition of the transition rocks, but before that 

 of any of the members of the secondary series. On the 

 coast of Berwickshire, at Danskin, and at the farm of 

 Newlands, this arrangement is conspicuous. At Wood- 

 cot, in the neighbourhood of Fala, the red sandstone is al- 

 most in a horizontal position, though, within a very short 

 distance, in a glen running down from the hill of Pockbie, 

 the greywacke is arranged in vertical and highly inclined 

 positions. At Kidlaw, a village near Newton Hall, the 

 mountain limestone approaches very near to the almost 

 vertical greywacke of the Lammermuirs ; but here there is 

 the same tendency to a horizontal position ; it is inclined at 

 a small angle, and could not have been altered by any force 

 acting upon the greywacke. At Dean Mill, near Fala, the 

 same appearances present themselves ; the undisturbed red 

 sandstone approaching the transition rocks. On the coast 

 of Berwickshire, between Lin Head, and Red Heugh, there 

 is a series of most satisfactory j unctions of the red sandstone 

 with the greywacke ; all of which allow us only to infer, 

 that these secondary formations have been deposited on the 

 previously upturned transition rocks. The junctional ap- 

 pearances exhibited in East Lothian are interesting in the 

 history of Geological Science. From examining them, Hut- 

 ton, Hall, and Playfair formed those opinions which are 

 now invariably held in regard to such phenomena. 



As we have before stated, a very coarse conglomerate 

 in general rests on the greywacke strata. In its posi- 

 tion, this conglomerate is precisely similar to that which 

 conglomerate deposits in general hold, and its formation 

 is perfectly well explained, by the aqueous disturbances 

 which would accompany the violent and certainly sud- 

 den upraisures of the old stratified rocks on which it 

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