lo Watson, Calinaga, Single Genus of a Sub- family. 



joint being furnished with a pair of rather long, stout 



curved, forward-projecting claws, paronychia, and 



pulvilli. This genus we have assigned to a subsequent 



sub-family, the Calinagincs." 



It is thus seen that on this one character, the perfect 

 forelegs of the female, the genus was raised to the rank 

 of a sub-family. There is one other genus, Pseudergolis, 

 which is in the NyinpJialitKZ^ in which the female sex 

 possesses claws and paronychia on the forelegs ; this is, 

 without doubt, also an aberrant genus, but it is an 

 exception to Calinaga in this respect, that its position in 

 point of general resemblance and neuration is undoubtedly 

 in the Precis 2.x\^ funonia section of the Nymphalince. 



The fact that Calinaga possesses paronychia — lateral 

 flaps of toughish membrane which extend forwards from 

 the under side of the anterior end of the last tarsus, just 

 below the claws ; and also possesses a pulvillus or pad, 

 situate between the paronychia and under the claws, is 

 important, and its full import will be apparent when 

 other groups of Lepidoptera, and indeed other orders of 

 insects, are investigated for information on these points. 



Amongst Lepidoptera these paronychia, pulvilli and 

 claws are fairly numerous. On the middle and hinder 

 legs of both sexes in the family Nyinphalid(2 they are 

 general, but in no case on the forelegs of the male, and 

 only in Calinaga and Pseudergolis are they found on the 

 foreleg of the female. For one of the finest types of this 

 structure we must look amongst Butterflies to the family 

 PieridcB; and in the suh-{a.m\\y Pierincs they are found on all 

 legs of both sexes, the claws however are bifid. In 

 another sub-family, the Callidryincs, certain genera, 

 Gonepteryx as an instance, have no paronychia or pulvilli 

 on the foreleg of the female, but only on the middle and 

 hind legs, thus indicating a stage of development approxi- 



