12 Watson, Calinaga, Single Genus of a Sub-family. 



claws and other tarsal structures more completely than 

 the female ; for, although Danais, Hestia, Amauris, &c., 

 in the DanaincB, and Hypolyinnas^ Hestina, &c., in the 

 Nymphalince have the tarsi developed in the female and 

 not the male, they are nevertheless almost abortive, and 

 in a degenerated stage generally, and the whole foreleg is 

 weak. 



Thus the female Calinaga shews in its tarsal structure 

 the most ancient type of leg of the whole of the 

 NynipJialid(2, and illustrates the stage of formation just 

 before the family lost these important structures. 



With the adaptation of butterflies to an arborescent 

 habitat (which according to some indicates a higher type 

 of development) came the loss, evidently by atrophy, of 

 the disused tarsal appendages and first we get a type, as 

 in Papilio, where the claws persist, and a later and higher 

 developed stage, as in typical female Danais, where the tarsi 

 are abortive and the appendages are obsolete, and the 

 most pronounced of all is say a typical male Danais, 

 where the ultimate tarsi are entirely wanting, and the 

 whole leg weak, and shewing an approaching atrophism. 



The Evidence of Antennal Structure. 



This is a point in the histology of the genus to which 

 I have been unable to give the attention I desired ; but 

 I will briefly state the comparison of the form. 



The general form of antenna is more like that of 

 Euplcea and Danais than that of any other genus I have 

 investigated ; the shaft is rather stout, swelling gradually 

 to the club. It is on this account unlike Hestia, which 

 has a well-defined club, and still more unlike Hypolymnas, 

 which has a most pronounced club. In this respect also 

 Calinaga is unlike Parnassiiis, and most unlike the sub- 



