Manchester Memoirs, Vol. xliii. (1899), No. 11. 13 



family Pierinae, which are generally very markedly 

 clubbed. So much for general form. 



In a splendid article by Dr. Karl Jordan, "Contributions 

 to the Morphology of Lepidoptera, I. The Antennae of 

 Butterflies" {Nov. Zool., Vol. V, August, i8g8\ dealing 

 with their structure in a manner impossible to me (p. 386), 

 referring to the sub-family Calinagince, says : " The scaling 

 is confined to the dorsal side of the proximal joints. The 

 scales are very narrow, resembling those of Liiehdorfia 

 and certain Parnassius {stubbendorfi)." 



Now, if the scales of Lepidoptera have been derived 

 from hairs such as are now found in Trichoptera, and such 

 as, according to Jordan {loc. cit., p. 400), the antennae of 

 the Hepialidae are furnished with, then perhaps we have 

 evidence of microscopic histology which would lead 

 one to infer that Calinaga, having very narrow scales on 

 the antennae in a transitory stage towards the ancient 

 derivate of lepidopterous antennae, is in unison with 

 Liiehdorfia and certain Parnassius. 



Thus, in general form, Calinaga is similar to Danais 

 and Euplcea, and in scaling like Parnassiince. 



The Evidence of the Structure of the 

 Basal Cell. 



The basal cell of the hind wings of butterflies is a 

 small structure formed at the base of the wings in certain 

 genera by the peculiar conformation of the costal, subcostal 

 and median nervures in conjunction with another which I 

 term the " interno-costal nervule " and in its fullest 

 developed form (as seen in Papilio zalmoxis or Eurycus 

 cressida) is of a diamond-shaped form. I take P. zalmoxis 

 as the type and for reference I have named the 4 limbs 

 of the basal cell (its 4 boundary walls as it were) by the 

 following terms. 



