1 6 Watson, Calinaga, Single Genus of a Sub-family. 



Bootes, thus the basal cell in Philoxenus is wider slightly 

 at its furthest edge from the base of the wing than that 

 of Bootes, which is roughly diamond-shaped and has 

 not the curvilinear form of Philoxenus. The curvilinear 

 type of basal cell is found in a number of species which 

 belong to a group of closely allied genera, and probably 

 without exception to the nauseous type of Papilio. The 

 other type of rudely diamond-shaped or angular form is 

 found in a similar group of genera which invariably mimic 

 either those of the curvilinear type or else other offensive 

 butterflies. Thus Agenor ? mimics Varuna; Meninon 9 

 mimics Coon. This illustration may give some idea of the 

 value of the morphology of the basal cell for classificatory 

 purposes in such butterflies as it is found : but I will go 

 further. 



The illustrations I have just given have been taken 

 from the Indo-Malayan region, but for further evidence 

 we will cross the Pacific Ocean and give a little attention 

 to the Papilios of South America. 



In the valley of the Amazon, and indeed generally in 

 Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, and Central America 

 there are to be found a number of Papilios belonging to 

 the genera Endopogon and Hectorides, possessed of a 

 curvilinear basal cell. They have also in common with 

 the Indo-Malayan genera, a small head, an anal fold in 

 the hind wing of the $ , containing scent hairs, they are 

 nauseous, and are in fact the representatives on the 

 Eastern shores of the Pacific of the nauseous genera just 

 mentioned from the Indo-Malayan shores. But the 

 important point is (though only what one who had critically 

 examined large numbers of these basal cells in other 

 analogous groups would naturally expect) that they are 

 mimicked by an inoffensive group of. genera which have 

 relatively larger heads, no anal fold of the $ hind wing. 



