422 Mr. Brockbank on 



boring at FrizingtQn Hall, from the surface down to the 

 Spirorbis Limestone, at 114' 10'', had not reached me ; but 

 I assumed that they would prove to be Permian and 

 Upper Coal Measures. I have since that date visited the 

 spot, and carefully inspected the whole of the cores, which 

 are preserved at the colliery. As this section will probably 

 be considered a typical one for the Permians and Upper 

 Coal Measures in West Cumberland, a full account of the 

 strata thus proved will be appended to this communication- 

 It agrees in a remarkable way with the section recently 

 exposed in the railway cutting at Levenshulme, a full 

 account of which has recently been laid before the Society. 

 But for the experiences gained at Levenshulme, the Frizing- 

 ton Hall section would probably not have been understood. 

 In the bore hole at Frizington Hall, after passing 

 through the surface clays for 22 feet, a mass described as 

 " Conglomerate " was met with. This proves to have been 

 the Breccia^ which occurs generally at the base of the Per- 

 mians. These Permian breccias are always made up of 

 angular fragments of the rocks which occurred in the 

 immediate neighbourhood, and at Frizington the volcanic, 

 or Borrowdale series of the Ennerdale district, and the 

 Skiddaw slate rocks of Dent, hem in the coal field. The 

 breccia at Frizington is made up of these, cemented together 

 with hematite. Owing to the extremely hard nature of 

 the fragments, the cores brought up by the boring tools 

 were in a fragmentary condition, no perfect cores being 

 obtainable. I therefore made a careful examination of the 

 debris, which represented this 20 feet of " conglomerate," and 

 selected some excellent samples therefrom. Many lime- 

 stone fragments were intermixed with these older rocks,, 

 and I have had slices prepared from them for the micro- 

 scope. To my great surprise I found these limestones,, 

 which were thus included in the breccia, contained fragments 

 of fossils, identical with those found in the Spirorbis 



