The Whitehaven Limestones . 425 



limestones which occurred in the bore hole at 1 14 feet and 

 263 feet depth, and it was probably the lower limestone of 

 the two which furnished the fragments. The Permian sea 

 had evidently broken up the outcrop of this limestone, and 

 it became thus curiously intermixed with the Silurian 

 slates and porphyries in the Permian breccia. Fragments 

 of Ostracoda shells and Spirorbis are clearly visible under 

 the microscope. 



The remainder of the borings between the Permian breccia 

 and the Spirorbis limestone reminded one of similar strata 

 at Levenshulme. There were the red and mottled shales,. 

 the soft red micaceous sandstones, the laminated red and 

 grey shales, and the brecciated red marls, everywhere 

 hematite stained — ^just as we found those at Slade Lane, — 

 and the small green " fish-eye " mottlings were also present,, 

 but not to so marked an extent. Just beyond the Frizington 

 Hall Estate there is a deep ravine through which Dub Beck 

 runs, and I felt sure the outcrop of this breccia might be 

 found there. It was about one-third of a mile from the 

 bore hole. We, therefore, examined this valley, and soon 

 found the breccia in the brook course, with the St. Bees 

 sandstone above it, forming a bold escarpment to the north- 

 east. A little further on, at Mill Yeat, we found that 

 hematite ore had been worked as a surface deposit many 

 years ago, just overlain by the Permian breccia, thus con- 

 firming most precisely the whole position. I had a section 

 cut for the microscope from the breccia, taken at the 

 outcrop near Mill Yeat, and to my great surprise again 

 found it fossil iferous. The limestone fragments in it con- 

 tain the Fifeshire variety of the Spirorbis (S. Heliceres), and 

 there is a most beautiful spiral shell of a gasteropod, which 

 I should have taken to be a Luxonema but for its tiny size. 

 It is probably Titrba or Turritella. I have no doubt that 

 this Frizington Hall section will furnish the explanation of 

 a good deal of the geology of the eastern portion of the 



