NON-CHRISTIAN PEOPLES OF PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 1213 



THK KAI.IXGAS (see pictures, PAGES 

 1 183, 1 192, 1225, AND 1226) 



The xCalingas are a strong, head-hunt- 

 iiig tribe, numbering some 70,000, in- 

 nabiting a subprovmce bearing their 

 tribal name situated in the central part 

 of northern Luzon. Their territory is, 

 on the average, somewhat less mountain- 

 ous thr.n that of the Ifugaos and Bontoc 

 Igorots. 



Both men and women are compara- 

 tively tall and in many instances are ex- 

 tremely well formed (see page 1183) ; 

 the perfect muscular development and 

 graceful figures of the men are especially 

 noteworthy. In my opinion, the typical 

 Kalinga warrior is the finest-looking wild 

 man to be found in the Philippine Islands 

 (see page 1192). As a rule the members 

 of this tribe have straight hair, but an 

 occasional rare individual, bearing no 

 other resemblance to the Negritos, dis- 

 plays a shock of fuzzy wool which is hard 

 to account for. 



THE PEACOCKS OF THE PHILIPPINES 



The Kalingas are the most gaily 

 dressed people of northern Luzon. The 

 men wear regulation clouts, but they are 

 not seldom ornamented with beads, but- 

 tons, etc. Their short jackets of gaudily 

 colored cloth are also often adorned with 

 beads and tassels. Gay turbans are com- 

 monly worn, and the hair, banged across 

 the forehead and left long behind, is 

 frequently stuck full of scarlet Hibis- 

 cus, marigolds, or other gay flowers and 

 of really gorgeous feather ornaments. 



Handsome blankets worn over one 

 shoulder and under the opposite arm and 

 ornamental bags for carrying small per- 

 sonal belongings complete the usual cos- 

 tume of the male, except for the ear 

 plugs, which are fashioned with especial 

 care and are often inserted in such a 

 way as to project backward against the 

 sides of the neck and turn the lobes of 

 the ears directly forward. Their front 

 ends are covered with embroidered cloth 

 or adorned with highly polished coins, 

 bits of looking-glass, or other bright ob- 

 jects. In some instances the ear plugs 

 are made of rolls of bright - colored 

 worsted (see page 1192). 



EAESE HAIR HEREDITARY IN THIS TRIBE 



The women wear gaily colored upper 

 garments and skirts. The wealthier ones 

 have enormous necklaces of agate beads, 

 while heavy and peculiarly shaped ear 

 ornaments of brass and of mother-of- 

 pearl are almost invariably in evidence. 

 Their heads are adorned not only with 

 abimdant natural locks, but with switches 

 made from the tresses of departed fe- 

 male ancestors, and into the masses of 

 hair thus built up are thrust gay scarlet 

 and yellow feather plumes. 



The Kalingas are a cleanly people and 

 their beautifully formed bodies are usu- 

 ally free from disfiguring skin diseases. 

 They live in small villages. 



The wealthier Kalinga men are usually 

 openly or secretly polygamous, but their 

 first or lawful wives are apt to lead sub- 

 sequently acquired favorites a dance. 



Many of the Kalinga houses are ex- 

 traordinarily well built on conventional 

 lines which show little variation. There 

 is a place for everything and everything 

 is kept in its place. Furthermore, the 

 houses are clean. A feature especially 

 appreciated by those who have to sleep 

 on their floors is that the flooring, which 

 is made of rattan or of stems of runo 

 grass, can be, and is, rolled up daily in 

 the early morning, taken down to th3 

 nearest stream and thoroughly washed. 



When inter-tribal warfare was general 

 among the Kalingas, tree houses were 

 common, but they have become com- 

 paratively unpopular, now that it is safe 

 to build on the ground. 



The Kalingas raise rice, camotes, and 

 sugar-cane in considerable quantities, 

 using the latter for the manufacture of a 

 fermented drink called hasi. Many of 

 them are skillful hunters, adding to the 

 family food supply by killing wild cara- 

 baos, deer, and hogs. 



THEIR PREFERENCE IN WEAPONS 



In war the men protect themselves 

 with very artistically ohaped wooden 

 shields. Their offensive weapons are 

 slender but deadly light head-axes and 

 savage lances. Like most other northern 

 Luzon tribes, save the Ilongots and Ne- 

 gritos, they do not use bows and arrows 

 (see page 1225). 



