NON-CHRISTIAN PEOPLES OF PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 



1231 



also a common source of food for them. 

 They cultivate bananas and papayas. 



When crops fail, the Subanos secure 

 a fairly abundant food supply by hunt- 

 ing, fishing, and seeking edible roots and 

 tubers in the forest. 



Polygamy is universally allowed, but is 

 by no means universally practiced. How- 

 ever, a prosperous man is likely to have 

 three or four wives. jMarriage is ar- 

 ranged by go-betwxens. The ceremony 

 is very simple. The couple eat together, 

 giving each other morsels of rice, and 

 that is about all there is to it. 



It is claimed that polyandry (one wo- 

 man having two or more husbands) is 

 practiced more or less frequently among 

 the poorer people living far back in the 

 interior, but this fact has never been 

 satisfactorily established. Divorce is al- 

 lowed. It is arranged for by the local 

 chief upon a proper showing of cause 

 and the terms are settled at the same 

 time. 



The dress of the Subanos is similar to 

 or identical with that of their Moro 

 neighbors (see page 1177), and the same 

 statement holds true for their ornaments, 

 except that the women are given to wear- 

 ing beads in large quantities, a custom 

 which does not prevail to the same extent 

 among the Moro women. 



In appearance they are typical Malays. 



The pagan members of the tribe are 

 now estimated to number 30,000. I can 

 find no reliable estimate of the number 

 of those who have been Christianized or 

 Mohammedanized. 



the: TAGABALIKS 



The Tagabalies are another of the 

 doubtful tribes inhabiting southern Min- 

 danao and recognized by the Jesuits. 

 They are said to occupy the region to 

 the south of Lake Buluan as far as 

 Sarangani Gulf and to be an unconquered 

 people, warlike and hostile toward the 

 neighboring Moros, Bilanes, and Bago- 

 bos, with whom they frequently fight. 



I have never seen them. 



THK TAGABAUAS 



The Tagabauas are another one of the 

 tribes of doubtful validity here listed. 



They are said to be a mixed people of 

 Bagobo, JNIanobo, and Tagakaolo extrac- 

 tion, and to have the characteristics of 

 these several peoples, sometimes side by 

 side and sometimes confused with each 

 other. They are further said to be few 

 in number and to lead a wretched life. 

 I have never seen them. 



THE TAGAKAOI^OS (SKE PICTURE, PAGE 

 1 180) 



The Tagakaolos are the last of the 

 tribes of doubtful distinctness here given 

 recognized by Jesuits and some other au- 

 thorities. They inhabit a part of the dis- 

 trict of Davao, bordering on the gulf of 

 the same name and extending from Casi- 

 laran Cove to a point a little below the 

 River Lais ; also one side of the little 

 peninsula which ends in St. Augustine 

 Point (see page 1180). 



The Jesuits record no important facts 

 concerning them, and I have seen them 

 but once. 



THE TAGBANUAS 



The Tagbanuas are an interesting peo- 

 ple inhabiting the interior of central and 

 northern Palawan. They are also found 

 on the neighboring islands of Dumaran, 

 Linapacan, Culion, Busuanga, and a num- 

 ber of small islets. Their number is not 

 accurately known, but has in the past 

 probably been considerably underesti- 

 mated. It is said that there are now 

 5,000 in the territory adjacent to the 

 southernmost of the two Palawan rivers 

 which bear the name luajig. There are 

 perhaps an equal additional number in 

 the country between this region and 

 Puerto Princesa. How many inhabit the 

 outlying islands we do not at present 

 know. 



The wild inhabitants of the interior of 

 southern Palawan are locally known as 

 Paluanes, but I cannot find that they 

 differ in any essential particular from 

 the Tagbanuas and consider this to be a 

 case of two designations for one people. 



The Tagbanuas are physically well de- 

 veloped. They are a dark-skinned peo- 

 ple. Many of them have wavy or curly 

 hair. I think it probable that they have 

 in the past intermarried freely with the 



