A BUKIDNON PRE;SIDKNCIA 



The people of the subprovince of Bukidnon, in Mindanao, have showed a surprising- 

 willingness to come down from the mountains, settle in towns, and adopt the garb of civiliza- 

 tion. Their villages are models of cleanliness and order, and they take great pride in building 

 good houses. This photograph shows a presidencia, or municipal building, with the town 

 officials in the foreground (see pictures, pages 1164, 1165, 1166, and text, pages 1160 and 1251). 



small feet by Chinese women (see page 



1185). 



The Tingians are a kindly, gentle 

 people, and the immaculate cleanliness 

 of their persons and of their homes 

 promptly commends them to the average 

 American. Not only are their houses 

 clean, but their cooking leaves little to be 

 desired. It is said that a Tingian wo- 

 man who serves her husband a mess of 

 boiled rice which is dirty or even soggy 

 exposes herself to danger of divorce. 

 Immediately after each meal the cooking 

 pots are taken to the river bank and 

 scrubbed inside and out with clean water 

 and sand, after which each is returned 

 to its proper place in the kitchen. 



The Tingians are supposed to be mo- 

 nogamous, but the rich men rather openly 

 keep supernumerary wives or concu- 

 bines, and their lawful wives do not 

 seem to object to the practice. 



Their houses are as good as, and often 



better than, those of Filipino neighbors 

 with whom they rub elbows throughout 

 most of the territory which they occupy. 

 They are industrious farmers and raise 

 horses and-cattle in considerable num- 

 bers. Many of them are frugal, save 

 their money, and become comparatively 

 wealthy. They are a naturally pacific 

 people, but when compelled to fight with 

 savage neighbors in Kalinga and Bontoc 

 have shown themselves able to hold their 

 own. 



the: Wir.D TINGIAN TRIBE:SME:N 



The wild section of the tribe inhabits 

 the subprovince of Apayao. They have 

 commonly been called Apayaos, or Ka- 

 lingas. There is certainly no fitness in 

 the latter designation. Their language 

 closely resembles the Tingian dialect 

 spoken in Abra ; their dress is said to be 

 practically identical with that of the Tin- 

 gians who inhabited Abra a century and 

 a half or two centuries ago. The Span- 



T236 



