68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Rough hedge-nettle Stachys aspera Michx. 



Red ash Fraxirms pennsylvanica Marsh. 



Slender agalinis Agalinis tenuifolia ( Vahl) Britt. 



Slender lobelia Lobelia spicata Lam. 



Venus's looking-glass Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. 



White-topped aster Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) B. S. P. 



Linear-leaved aster Ionactis linearifolius {L.) Greene 



Climbing hemp-weed Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. 



Flat-topped goldenrod Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. 



Large-leaved antennaria Antennaria fallax Greene 



Perhaps not less marked is the absence of a large number of Austral 

 species, typical of the sandy plains between Schenectady and Albany, 

 and almost as far north as Oneida lake, such as Quercus ilici- 

 folia, Q. prinoides, Ceanothus americanus, and 

 several others. In the case of the Albany-Schenectady plains, 

 there is a more direct connection with the coastal plain by way of 

 the Hudson valley and the sand-loving Austral species have taken 

 a firmer and earlier possession of that region. 



Plant formation. A consideration of the plant formations of the 

 region east of Oneida lake is necessarily influenced by the fact 

 that extensive lumbering operations in the past and repeated fires 

 have produced conditions or changes in the vegetation and caused 

 interruptions in the normal succession of floras that are not easy to 

 collate with the primeval conditions. Seemingly, the only plant 

 formations remaining unaffected are those of the shore and the 

 hardwood swamps. 



Shore Vegetation 



(Figures 8 and 9) 

 The broad, sandy shore of the eastern end of Oneida lake is the 

 home of numerous, shore-loving species, the most noteworthy of 

 which are the following : 



Agrostis maritima Lam. Fimbristylis gemuiata ( Nees) Kunth 



Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb. Gnaphalium uliginosum L. 



Bidens cernua L. Hemicarpa micrantha ( Vahl) Pax. 



" frondosa L. Isnardia palustris L. 



Cyperus inflexus Muhl. Juncus bufonius L. 



" rivularis Kunth " acuminatus Michx. 



" esculentus L. Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigel. 



" speciosus Vahl Mollugo verticillata L. 

 Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Polygonum buxiforme Small 



Link. Ranunculus reptans L. 



Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. cf S. Salix humilis Marsh. 



fliandra C. Wright Scirpus americanus Vahl 



intermedia {Muhl.) Schidtes " debilis Pursh 



palustris (L.) R. cf S. Sporobolus uniflorus {Michx.) Scribn. 



Eragrostis hypnoides {Lam.) B. S. P. & Merr. 



