42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



approaches the proportion showing the " shallow " injury on 

 unsprayed trees and that the much larger proportion of " shallow " 

 affected apples on the other check trees is due in part to the sprayings 

 of preceding years. 



The above data are interesting, since they suggest a moderately 

 constant ratio between the total wormy and this peculiar type of 

 injury. The moderate and, for the most part well-defined propor- 

 tion, intimates that this type of injury rnay be a response by the 

 young caterpillars to an inherited instinct, and there certainly is 

 nothing in these figures which would suggest any disproportionate 

 reduction in the number of " shallow " injured apples as a result 

 of additional sprayings. In fact, the data show a somewhat higher 

 proportion of " shallow " affected apples on the plots sprayed two 

 and three times as compared with those sprayed but once, which 

 would tend to indicate a greater reduction in the other types of 

 injury and a " lagging " in benefits accruing from repeated treat- 

 ments so far as " shallow " injury is concerned, though this conclusion 

 must be stated with some caution, since it is not entirely justified 

 by the returns from the check trees. These latter, however, are 

 relatively few in number and the data they give are therefore more 

 subject to individual variation or local peculiarities. 



Weather and the Codling Moth 



Insects are materially affected by weather conditions and several 

 observers have noted relations existing between the activities of the 

 codling moth and climatic changes. The history of this insect in 

 western New York, particularly during the last few years, suggests 

 there might be a close relation between evening temperatures and 

 the extensive deposition of eggs. An attempt to show this, based 

 on earlier records of oviposition, was made last year and was not 

 entirely successful, owing to the impossibility of more than approxi- 

 mating evening temperatures from the published minimum 

 temperatures. 



The past season, through the cooperation of the weather bureau 

 of the United States Department of Agriculture and more particularly 

 Prof. Wilford M. Wilson, in charge of the weather bureau at Ithaca, 

 the loan of standard thermometers and rain gauges was secured and a 

 portion of the records given below are based on data obtained with 

 these instruments and the voluntary aid of local observers, namely: 

 Messrs F. W. Curtis, Hilton; F. N. Stevens, Kendall; Harold Snyder, 

 Albion; L. F. Strickland, Lockport; and G. H. Stahler, Newfane. 



