48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Biological Observations 



The season of 19 16 was nearly two weeks later than that of 1915, 

 and the cool, backward weather appears to have had an unfavor- 

 able influence upon the development of the codling moth, possibly 

 checking to some extent, at least, the deposition of eggs. 



On June 15 th codling moth pupae but no adults were to be seen 

 in and about Albion, according to Mr A. B. Buchholz. On July 6th 

 he observed young larvae working in the apples to some extent and 

 at that time no eggs were to be found. On the 7th, substantially 

 the same conditions prevailed, and in this orchard a week later it 

 was not difficult to find eggs. It was interesting to note in this 

 connection that the Albion records showed evening temperatures at 

 8 p. m. of 70 to 74 ; June 25th to the 28th, and again from July 4th 

 onward, the evening temperatures ranging from 70 a little below 

 and above. It is very probable that the eggs from which the larvae 

 observed working July 6th hatched, were deposited during this first 

 warm spell and that there was a subsequent increase in deposition 

 during the next warm period. On July 10th Mr Buchholz again 

 reported some larvae working on the sides of the apples, though 

 there was not a large number. On July 14th he stated that eggs 

 were not abundant, those found being practically all on the fruit, 

 and added that there was a small deposition of eggs a short time ago 

 and a much larger one" the past week. These two periods coincide 

 approximately with the higher evening temperatures mentioned 

 above. 



The conditions detailed above were substantially paralleled by 

 those observed in and about Lockport by Mr Strickland, who 

 reported a pupal exuvium July 1st, and on the 5th and 6th a few 

 eggs. On July 12th he examined 127 apples at Orangeport and 

 only three eggs and two egg shells were found. The eggs had prob- 

 ably been deposited on the 10th, except one which was in the black 

 stage. On July 13th an examination of king apples in the Cowper 

 orchard at Newfane resulted in finding nine eggs, eight egg shells 

 and three side entrances on 297 apples. and ten eggs, fourteen shells 

 and six side entrances on 468 Baldwins. Very few of the nineteen 

 eggs found in this orchard had been freshly deposited. On July 

 17 th Mr Strickland found the following conditions in the orchard 

 of Mr S. S. Hopkins, Youngstown; 235 apples bore six eggs, twelve 

 shells and eighteen entrance holes, and the next day at Wright's 

 Station, 335 apples yielded one egg, eight egg shells and two 

 entrances. These show conditions very different from those that 

 obtained in 191 5. 



