50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



were leaving apples to pupate at Youngstown, as observed by 

 Mr Strickland. 



The above records show a period of oviposition by the first brood 

 extending from approximately the first of July to the first of August, 

 and while the evening temperatures during this period were favor- 

 able for deposition, extensive egg laying did not occur during a 

 limited period, as was the case in 191 5. The most probable explana- 

 tion for this discrepancy in behavior is that the earlier season of 

 191 5 was favorable for the appearance of the moths before moder- 

 ately high evening temperatures permitted a fairly uniform depo- 

 sition of eggs, while during the past season emergence of the adults 

 appears to have been delayed until evening temperatures were 

 such that egg deposition was not prevented for periods of a few days 

 to a week, as appears to have been true of 1915. 



Spray Injury 



Incidental to, and yet directly connected with the codling moth 

 work, observations were made upon somewhat general and occasion- 

 ally very severe leaf injury to Baldwins in particular. The damage 

 was most pronounced in the case of orchards which were sprayed 

 in early June, immediately following a period of unusual precipita- 

 tion, and apparently had no relation to the brand of lime-sulphur 

 nor arsenate of lead used. The injury was so marked in certain 

 orchards that the foliage was badly spotted, turned yellow, and in 

 some cases at least one-half to two-thirds of the leaves dropped. 

 Similar though less serious damage occurred in a few places in the 

 Hudson valley. It is probable that the foliage was extremely tender 

 as the result of the rapid growth following frequent and copious 

 rains, and the experience indicates that many are moderately close, 

 if not too close, to the limits of safety and are using fungicides in 

 particular, fully as strong as conditions warrant, especially during 

 periods when there is a very rapid growth. 



Another type of spray injury, namely the rusting of the fruit, 

 appeared in the Newfane orchard and the amount is indicated in 

 the tabulations relating to the experimental work. This damage 

 undoubtedly dwarfed the development of the apples to some extent 

 and on account of its unsightliness can not but exert a material 

 influence upon the grade of the fruit. 



Summary and Conclusions 



The experience of the last two years in western New York leads 

 us to emphasize the necessity of thorough work, especially with the 



