REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I916 5 1 



spraying given just after the blossoms fall and widely known as the 

 calyx spray or the codling moth spray. This is the treatment which 

 gives by far the larger returns in preventing wormy apples. In our 

 opinion a deficient or poor spraying at this time can not be made 

 good by later treatments, though the latter are undoubtedly helpful. 

 The equipment should be such that the trees can be thoroughly 

 and quickly covered with the spray and the men doing the work 

 should have a full appreciation of the difficulties and the possibilities. 

 The last is by no means an insignificant factor in securing thorough 

 work. A liberal application should be made at this time and the 

 aim should be to fill every calyx cup with poison, since it is at this 

 point that most of the killing occurs. 



A comparison of results obtained in the Kendall orchard in 19 15, 

 and upon the same trees in 19 16, shows a reduction of one-third 

 to two-thirds in the amount of wormy fruit, and is striking evidence 

 of the efficiency of thorough spraying and the results which may 

 be expected the following season. Conditions such as obtained in 

 this orchard in 19 15 are, in our estimation, a most potent argument 

 for thorough annual sprayings for the codling moth, since the expe- 

 rience of the past year indicates that the reduction in " side " or 

 " shallow " injury is secured the year following the treatment. 



The second application for the codling moth may be effective in 

 reducing " side injury " to some extent, though conditions the past 

 season made it impossible to test this out thoroughly and the results 

 summarized under a comparison of percentages between wormy and 

 11 shallow " apples show a remarkable consistency in the propor- 

 tions of " shallow " affected apples between those sprayed and 

 unsprayed. This data, while not negativing the above, can hardly 

 be considered encouraging. 



Evening temperatures appear to have an effect upon the periodicity 

 of oviposition, though climatic and other conditions were unfavor- 

 able for the obtaining of any sharply defined data the past season. 



Both the second and third sprayings for the codling moth, even 

 if they have comparatively little influence in reducing the numbers 

 of this pest, are abundantly justified in localities or during seasons 

 when scab is more or less prevalent, assuming of course that a fungi- 

 cide is universally added to the poisoned spray. 



The extensive and, in certain cases, very serious leaf injury to 

 certain varieties following the application of the usual sprays, sug- 

 gests that we are close to the margin of safety and raises a question, 

 as to the advisability of applying the fungicides, particularly in a 

 somewhat greater dilution. 



