68 Praeger — The Marine Shells 



Cardlum echinatum, Zinnd. 



In the reports of Hyndman and Dickie, the only note of this fine shell 

 having heen taken alive is hy the former, who ohtained a few living examples 

 in Larne Lough, 4 to 5 fathoms ; while in a dead state it occurred in all the 

 localities dredged, in 4 to 30 fathoms. Thompson says "dredged from oozy 

 sand in Belfast and Strangf ord Loughs ' ' hy Hyndman and himself, hut does 

 not state whether living or dead. Dredged alive in 6 fathoms off Bangor — 

 Mr. S. A. Stewart. After northerly gales it is thrown ashore in some 

 numbers on the Co. Down shore of the lough, from Holywood to Craigavad, 

 with the animal quite fresh. Single valves of large size are abundant, and 

 complete specimens frequent, on the sandy beaches of Magilligan and Portrush. 



Cardlum exlg-uum, Gmelin. 



Living in oozy ground in Larne Lough, and in the deeper waters adjoining, 

 in 4 to 90 fathoms; the limit assigned by Jeffreys is 15 fathoms, so the 

 greater depth quoted would appear to be quite unusual. In and around 

 Belfast Lough it has not been taken alive, and is rare in a dead state. It 

 lives sparingly in Strangford Lough — Dickie, and R.L1.P. Thompson gives 

 Red Bay as an additional station. (Sub C. pygmoeum by Hyndman and 

 Dickie). Portrush, dead— Miss Richardson. 



Cardlum fasciatum, Montagu. 



Frequent, living on gravel and sand in 15 to 20 fathoms. Dead in Strang- 

 ford Lough, on the Turbot Bank, and in up to 90 fathoms of water off Larne. 

 In Thompson's work it appears as sub C. elongatwn and G. edule var. fasciatum. 



Cardlum nodosum, Turton. 



Belfast and Strangford Loughs — Thompson. Dredged living in 12 fathoms 

 in the Sound between the Copeland Islands, and dead on the Turbot Bank, 

 by Hyndman. More abundant in Strangford Lough and the channel adjoining 

 than elsewhere ; Dickie dredged it frequently there, living in 7-20 fathoms. 



Cardlum edule, Linne. 



Gregarious everywhere in sandy bays, at and near low-water mark. Dead 

 shells are dredged on the Turbot Bank, and Hyndman obtained a living 

 example in 20 fathoms between the Maidens and the Isle of Muck. " Attains 

 a very large size in Donegal Bay " — Thompson. 



Cardlum minimum, Philippi. 



Thompson made a new species, C. Loveni, out of specimens of this shell 

 dredged by Mr. Hyndman from 50 fathoms off the South Bock, Co. Down, 

 and although they subsequently proved to be identical with a species already 

 described and named, to him belongs the credit of having added this pretty 

 shell to the British fauna. Hyndman subsequently records it {sub C. Suecicum) 

 from the Turbot Bank, and from shallower water (4-5 fathoms) in Larne 

 Lough — in both instances dead. 



Cardlum KTorveglcum, Spengler. 



"Dredged off Glenarm, in Belfast and Strangford Loughs, sparingly" — 



