Bird Studies in Lorain County, Ohio. 45 



month, and for February, the temperature fluctuated be- 

 tween 56 at noon of January 10th and 3 on the mornings 

 of February 23 and 28, but with no decided fluctuations 

 of cold and warm waves. Snow covered the ground during 

 the larger part of the month, arresting any tendency to north- 

 ward movement before the end of the first week in March. 



The winter 190 1—2 was in a hurry to begin. Snow storms 

 on November 5th and 6th, 13th to 17th, 19th and 23d, in 

 the Lake Superior region, aided in the early beginning of 

 winter conditions here. The winter birds were practically 

 established on a winter basis early in November. Continued 

 cold in the north region, combined with below zero tempera- 

 tures here in the middle of December and on the 2 1st, brought 

 about unusual occurrences in the bird world. Clearly the 

 appearance of the Pine Grosbeak and White-winged Cross- 

 bills was due to this early severe weather and snow. Janu- 

 ary, 1902, was not peculiar, except for the absence of the 

 regulation thaw, and the consequent almost continuous cold 

 weather. 



From the foregoing account of the weather conditions it 

 will be seen that but one of the winters treated began early 

 and continued wintry with little intermission, if any, and that 

 this winter was the only one during which there were dis- 

 tinctly notable happenings in the way of the influx of the 

 far northern species. It may be fair to infer that given simi- 

 lar conditions again there would be similar results. 



The actual time covered from which these records are 

 taken is January 1st, 1896, to January 15, 1902; during 

 the winter season, of course. But the year 1896 does not 

 figure in the court of individuals of the several species, be- 

 cause very meagre records of the individuals were kept during 

 that year. Likewise, only the months of January and Feb- 

 ruary, 1900, count in that year, because nothing was done 

 during December, 1900. 



Taking, then, one-half of each of the two winters represented 

 in a single year, the number of species for each year stands as 

 follows: 1896, 19; 1897, 36; 1898, 40; 1899, 35; 1900, 30; 



