x CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XIX. 



NEW RED SANDSTONE GROUP. 



Distinction between New and Old Red sandstone Between Upper and Lower 

 New Red Muschelkalk in Germany (p. 237.) Fossil plants and shells of 

 New Red Group, entirely different from Lias and Magnesian limestone 

 Lower New Red and Magnesian limestone (p. 239.) Zechstein in Germany 

 of the same age General resemblance between the organic remains of the 

 Magnesian limestone and Carboniferous strata Origin of red sand-stone and 

 red marl (p. 242.) 



CHAPTER XX. 



THE COAL, OR CARBONIFEROUS GROUP. 



Carboniferous strata in the south-west of England Superposition of Coal- 

 measures to Mountain limestone Departure from this type in north of 

 England and Scotland Freshwater strata (p. 244.) Intermixture of fresh- 

 water and marine beds Sauroidal fish Fossil plants (p. 247.) Ferns and 

 Sigillariae Lepidodendra Calamites (p. 250.) Coniferae Stigmarise. 



CHAPTER XXI. 



CARBONIFEROUS GROUP Continued, AND OLD RED SANDSTONE. 



Corals and shells of the Mountain limestone Hot climate of the Carboniferous 

 period inferred from the marine fossils of the Mountain limestone and the 

 plants of the Coal (p. 254.) Origin of the Coal-strata Contemporaneous 

 freshwater and marine deposits Modern analogy of strata now in progress in 

 and around New Zealand Vertical and oblique position of fossil trees in the 

 Coal (p. 257.) How enveloped How far they prove a rapid rate of depo- 

 sitionOld Red sandstone (p. 262.) its subdivisions its fossil shells and 

 fish. 



CHAPTER XXII. 



PRIMARY FOSSILIFEROUS STRATA. 



Primary Fossiliferous or Transition Strata Term "Grauwacke" Silurian 

 Group Upper Silurian and Fossils (p. 265.) Lower Silurian and Fossils 

 Trilobites (p. 267.) Graptolites Orthocerata Occasional horizontal! ty of 

 Silurian Strata Cambrian Group (p. 270.) Endosiphonite. 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



ON THE DIFFERENT AGES OF THE^VOLCANIC ROCKS. 



Tests of relative age of volcanic rocks Test by superposition and intrusion 

 By alteration of rocks in contact Test by organic remains (p. 273.) Test 

 of age by mineral character Test by included fragments Volcanic rocks 

 of the Recent and Newer Pliocene periods (p. 275.) Miocene Eocene 

 Cretaceous Oolitic (p. 278.) New Red sandstone period Carboniferous 

 Old Red sandstone period Silurian Upper and Lower Cambrian peri- 

 ods (p. 280.) Relative ages of intrusive traps. 



