LOBIVANELLTJS. 



185 



of wing from 8-0 to 8*4 inch, whilst the latter vary from 8*6 to 9-2 inch. My series from 

 the continent confirms the measurements given by Legge, but my solitary skin from Ceylon 

 measures 8*6 inch. 



Tringa indica, Boddaert, Table PL Enl. no. 807, p. 50 (1783). 



Parra goensis, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. p. 706 (1788). 



Tringa goensis [Gmel.), Latham, Index Orn. ii. p. 727 (1790) . 



Vanellus goensis (Gmel.), Vieillot, N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxxv. p. 208 (1819). 



Charadrius atrogularis, Wagler, Syst. Av. p. 75 (1827). 



Lobivanellus goensis {Gmel.), Strickland, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 33. 



Chettusia indica {Bodd.), Gray, Genera of Birds, iii. p. 541 (1847). 



Sarcogrammns goensis {Gmel.), Bonap. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 418 (1856). 



Lobivanellus indicus {Bodd.), Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Cursores, p. 68 (1864). 



Synonymy. 



Plates.— Daut. PI. Enl. no. 807; Gould, Cent. Him. Birds, pi. 78. 

 Habits. — Legge, Birds of Ceylon, p. 962. 



Eggs. — Hume, Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, p. 574 ; exactly resembling eggs of Charadrius 

 morinellus in size and colour, but not quite so boldly blotched. 



Literature. 



The Bronze-winged Wattled Lapwing is the only species of the genus which has, when Specific 

 adult, a black throat and upper breast, and no white at the back of the neck. It may be 

 distinguished at all ages by the width of the white band at the end of the tail, which exceeds 

 half an inch. 



The Bronze-winged Wattled Lapwing is represented in the Burma peninsula by a very AUies. 

 close ally, which principally differs from it in having the black on the breast meeting at the 

 back of the neck, and separated by a white collar from the brown back. The amount of 

 black on the hind neck varies so much that it is not always easy to say to which form some 

 examples belong. 



The typical form is a resident in South Persia, Baloochistan, India, and Ceylon. Blan- 

 ford obtained it as far west as the neighbourhood of Shiraz (Blanford, Eastern Persia, ii. 

 p. 281) and in several localities in Baloochistan. To Gilgit (Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 587), 

 and possibly to Cashmere, it is only a summer migrant ; but in the rest of India and Ceylon 

 it is for the most part a resident, breeding in great abundance both on the plains and on 

 the hills, Tip to three or four thousand feet above the level of the sea. Colonel Swinhoe 

 obtained it at Kandahar (Ibis, 1882, p. 120), but Severtzow did not meet with it in Tur- 

 kestan. It frequents similar localities to those chosen by our Common Lapwing, but breeds 

 in all sorts of places, sometimes even on the flat roofs of houses two stories high. 



Geographi- 

 cal distribu- 

 tion. 



2b 



