TOTANUS. 345 



If it be necessary to depend upon such apparently slight characters for the diagnosis 

 of the genus Totanus, to what minute shades of difference must those ornithologists have 

 descended who split it up into a dozen or more genera ! In the synonymy of this genus 

 'there are not quite two generic names to each species, but very nearly so. 



Sijnonymy of the Genus Totanus. 



Type.. 



TotaniiSj Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb. ii. p. 282 (1803) T. calidris. 



Glottis, Koch, Syst. baier. Zool. p. 305 (1816) T. glottis. 



Limicula, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. ^c. Brit. Mus. p. 32 (1816) T. glottis. 



Pavoncella, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. ^c. Brit. Mus. p. 29 (1816) .... T. pugnax. 



Machetes, Cuvier, Regn. Anim. i. p. 490 (1817) T. pugiiax. 



Symphemia, Rafinesque, Journ. Phys. p. 420 (1819) T. semipalmatus. 



Actitis, Bote, Isis, 1822, p. 560 T. hypoleucus. 



Catoptrophorus, Bonap. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, ii. p. 323 (1826). . T. semipalmatus, 



Helodromas, Kaup, Naturl. Syst. p. 144 (1829) T. ocHropus. 



Gambetta, Kaup, Naturl. Syst. p. 54 (1829, nee Koch, 1816) T. calidris. 



Erythroscelus, Kavp, Naturl. Syst. p. 5 1 (1829) T. fuscus. 



Xenus, Kaup, Naturl. Syst. p. 115 (1829) T. terekius. 



llhyacopliilus, Kaup, Naturl. Syst. p. 140 (1829) T. glareola. 



lliornis, Kaup, Naturl. Syst. p. 156 (18'29) T. stagnatilis. 



llodites, Kaup, Naturl. Syst. p. 155 (1829) T. semipalmatus. 



Bartramia, Ze5so«, 7/ fliYe (f'Orw. p. 553 (1831) T. bartrami. 



Tringoides, Bonap. Sagg. (list. met. An. Vert. p. 58 (1831) T. hypoleucus. 



Actidurus, Bonap. Sagg. dist. met. An. Vert. p. 143 (1831) T. bartrami. 



i:uliga, Nuttall, Man. Orn. U.S. §• Can. ii. p. 167 (1834) T. bartrami. 



Terekia, Bonap. Comp. LAst B. Eur. ^ N. Amer. p. 52 (1838) T. terekius. 



Actiturus, Bonap. Comp. List B. Eur. ^ N. Amer. p. 51 (1838) T. bartrami. 



Simorhynchus, Keyserling &r Blasius, Wirb. Eur. p. 74 (1840) T. terekius. 



Guinetta, Gray, List Gen. Birds, p. 68 (1840) T. hypoleucus. 



Vhi\omz.c\\-as, Gray, List Gen. &; Subgen. uf Birds, ^.m [\M\) T. pugnax. 



Ileteroscelus, Baird, Birds N. Amer. p. 734 (1858) T. incanus. 



Pseudototanus, tlu7ne. Stray Feathers, vii. p. 488 (1878) T. guttiferus. 



Pseudoglottis, Stejneger, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1K84, p. 223 T. guttiferus. 



Heteractitis, Stejneger, Auk, 1884, p. 236 T. incanus. 



Of the 17 species of Totanus now known to ornithologists only eight were known to D(^tLTmin;i- 

 Linneus. Of these he placed five in the genus Trinya on the ground that they had only ^J.'^^'^''' '^"^ 

 one joint in the hind toe, and three in the genus Scolopax on the ground that they had 

 more than one joint in the hind toe. 



The Common Redshank [Totanus calidris), being the Scolopax totanus of Linneus, has 

 every claim to be regarded as the type of the genus. 



