36 
WARMING’S CLASSIFICATION. 
VI. Avene. 
Tribe I. Bambuse:. | Tribe VII. Agrostide:. 
I. Oryze:w. | VIII. Phalarideæ. 
III. Maydex | IX. Chlorideæ. 
IV. Andropogoneæ. | X. Panicee. 
V. Fes | XI. Horde. 
It will be noticed that Hackel's arrangement is in the main similar 
to that of Bentham, while Warming's varies, omitting the tribes Zoy- 
sie and Tristeginee. Bentham, on the one hand, regards the tribes 
Panicee, Maydew, and Oryzew, while on the other, Hackel places the 
Maydew, Andropogonee, and Zoysiee as the most primitive of the 
grasses, Warming, however, presents an entirely different view, and 
regards the Bambusec and Oryzee as the most primitive. 
This great difference of opinion is probably due to the faet that the 
can be said of his arrangement of the tribes. The Andropogonee 
together with the Maydeæ, Panicea, Tristeginew, and Zoysiec without 
doubt represent a very natural group of the Graminec, but it is a ques- 
tion whether they are the most primitive, If one studies the Andropo- 
gonee from the standpoint of their resemblance to other Monocotyle- 
dons one is unable to find the slightest trace of such resemblances in 
any of the genera, while among the Bambus and Oryze there are 
many similarities. 
The Bambusew are characterized as large, often tree-like, grasses, 
with woody, rarely herbaceous culms. The leaves are broad, some- 
times compound and usually petioled. There are from three to six, or 
many, Stamens while the prevailing number in the other Graminec is 
two or three. Usually three remarkably large lodicules? are present 
on the rhachilla. "There is great variation in the structure and in the 
form of the fruit. Both Munro? and Hackel* use fruit characters to 
divide the different genera into sections. They may be elassified as 
the berry-bearing and the true bamboos, the latter with linear Or 
oblong-linear fruits, like those of Avena and Triticum, with a distinet 
furrow down one side and the seutellum visible below. 
In the berry-bearing bamboos the caryopsis appears to be contained 
in an envelope somewhat analogous to the sac or perigynium which 
incloses the seed of Carex, In Melocanna bambusoides this covering 
e E., Andropogonew. De Candolle's Monographie Phaner. 
Rowlee, W. W. The Morphological Significance of the Lodicules of Grasses. 
Bot. Gaz. 25: 199-203, 1898. 
5 Memoir on Bambusez, Trans. of the Linn. Soc. xxv1: 
Hackel, E., Echte Greser. Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfamilien, 11°: p. 92. Eng. 
trans. by Scribner and Southworth. 
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