The Structure and Functions of the h?emolymph Glands and Spleen. H 



ill the mediastina. As a general rule they are found on the course 

 of the bloodvessels, with which they are often closely associated, and 

 from Avliich they draw their blood supply. 



In the ox, (Bos taurus), the distribution of the giands, many of 

 which are hoemal, is as follows. They are found in considerable 

 numbers in the sub vertebral fascia, along the course of the ab- 

 dominal aorta and corresponding vein, lying in front, behind, and 

 on both sides of it. Many of the organs are met with around the 

 renal veins, deeply embedded in the perinephritic fat. In the pelvis 

 they are also found, accompanying the branches of the iliac vessels, 

 and a few have been observed of the hgemal lymphatic type in the 

 groin and embedded in the muscles of the thigh. In the cow they 

 occur at the base of the udder and after removal of that organ are 

 exposed as a large mass consisting of numerous dark glands in close 

 contact. In the steer this mass is replaced by two large glands of in- 

 termediate form. As to the general nature of the haemolymph glands 

 in the ox, they are probably chiefly of the haemal lymphatic type, 

 though a number of the true haemal giands are also found. Some of 

 the former may be as much as 9 or 10 cms in length and 5 or 6 cms 

 in breadth: many brown glands and intermediate forms occur. The 

 last are chiefly found in the neck and in the mesentery, where they 

 form a very constant belt, 9 or 10 cms wide, extending parallel to 

 the gut, though at some little distance from it. In form the larger 

 glands are never spherical, being occasionally oval, though usually 

 very irregular. As a whole they are known to butchers as "kernels", 

 and their position is so very constant that in many cases they are 

 valuable landmarks. 



In the hoi'se, (Equus cahallus), typical haemal giands occur in con- 

 siderable numbers around the renal vessels and in the neighbouring 

 adipose tissue. They run to a length of from 2 to 3 cms and are 

 the largest I have yet seen in any animal. They are chiefly irre- 

 gular in shape, some are oval and a few spherical. In addition, there 

 are a few scattered haemal glands in the subvertebral retroperitoneal 

 region, chiefly behind the aorta, and a few very typical glands on 

 the wall of the bladder and pelvis. The total number of these bodies 



