48 NOTES ON LOXOMMA ALLMANNI. 



side to side and concave in a lesser degree from before backwards ; 

 some are broadest from side to side as in tbe lumbar, others from 

 before backwards as in the dorsal region, resembling in these 

 respects the vertebrae of the higher animals. They vary some- 

 what individually in dimensions, apparently according to the 

 amount of pressure they have undergone. 



The vertebrae are strongly made, their largest bodies measure, 

 from side to side, one inch and three-quarters. 



The spinous and transverse processes, visible along the whole 

 of the dorsal and lumbar regions, are mostly dislocated, but many, 

 whether entire or fragmentary, lie close to the centra to which 

 they belonged. The spinous processes are broad, high, and square, 

 the transverse are much defaced yet strong. The articular pro- 

 cesses are in several parts distinct, and some are visibly still in- 

 terlocked. The vertebral grooves have been deep and wide, and 

 the muscles of the back and loins, so to speak, correspondingly 

 large and powerful. The neural canal, owing to its being covered 

 by the centra and left transverse processes, is not visible. 



The number of dorsal or rib-bearing vertebrae on the slabs 

 Nos. 1 and 2 is about fifty-six, of lumbar and pelvic on No. 2 

 eleven, and of caudal on IS'o. 3 eight. The total number there- 

 fore of vertebrae present on the slabs is seventy-five. 



Slab 'No. 1 shows thirty-four dorsal vertebra. In connection 

 with them are the broken remains of seven strong and well 

 curved ribs lying obliquely to the column, some on the right, 

 others on the left side, some beneath the vertebrae, and all di- 

 rected downwards. These fragments are principally the proximal 

 ends, some exhibiting very clearly the head, the neck, and the 

 tubercle. The heads have been articulated as before said with 

 the sides of the bodies of the smaller vertebrae, and the tubercles 

 with the transverse processes of the larger vertebrae next below. 

 The number of ribs must have been about twenty-six pairs, which 

 may give some idea of the magnitude of the thorax. 



The slab No. 2 shows thirty -three vertebrae. These are 

 larger than those on slab No. 1, and gradually downwards . as- 

 sume the characters of lumbar vertebrae. The spinous processes, 

 lying on the left side of the column, are large, broad, and 



