98 president's address. 



The Apiocrinida, another family of the Crinoids of the Jurassic 

 Period, are now also found to have modern representatives in 

 Bathycrinus Aldrichianus, Wyville-Thomson ; B. gracilis, Wj. 

 Thorn. ; JSyocrinus BethelUanus, Wy. Thorn. ; and Bhizocrinus 

 Lofotensis, Sars. The first and third of these are from the South 

 Atlantic and Southern Oceau, while the others are European. 

 Bathycrinus gracilis was dredged off the Bay of Biscay, and Rhi- 

 zocrinus Lofotensis has a wide geographical range, though indi- 

 vidually rare. I may mention that I dredged this Crinoid in 

 1879 near the mouth of the Hardanger Piord, within half a mile 

 of land, and in somewhat less than a hundred fathoms. Several 

 families of JEchinoidea, which had been supposed to have been 

 long extinct, are found to be represented by highly interesting 

 forms in the Globigerina Ooze. The SaleniidcB, which have ex- 

 isted since the Jurassic Period, have four known living species. 

 The UchinothuriidcB of the Chalk, a remarkable family of Sea Ur- 

 chins, in which the plates overlap each other like a coat of mail, 

 so that the whole test is perfectly flexible, have allies in the ex- 

 isting genera Asthenosoma and Phormosoma. These Sea Urchins 

 when dredged usually come up, as I have seen them in the Bay 

 of Biscay, perfectly flat, but Agassiz obtained specimens in 1,200 

 fathoms near Jamaica, which, when they came to the surface, 

 were "fully blown up, hemispherical and globular in shape." 

 A third remarkable group of forms is allied to the fossil Anan- 

 chitidcd; and Somolampas, Pourtalesia, Spatagocystis, EcMno- 

 crepis, Urechinus, Cystechinus, and Calymne are cei^tainly among 

 the most highly interesting discoveries which have resulted from 

 abyssal dredging. 



A group of Macrourous Crustacea, the family Eryonida, which 

 flourished in the Lyassic seas, but was supposed to have been 

 extinct for countless ages, is found to be represented by many 

 species closely allied to the fossil forms, and now lives, widely 

 distributed, in the Globigerina Ooze throughout the world. 



Although the ooze is composed of so large a percentage of the 

 shells of Foraminifera, which live on the surface, these, though 

 numerically so abundant, after all represent but a small number 

 of the species of that class which occur in the ooze. The pelagic 



