226 tEESIDENx's ADDRESS. 



south-east by the lofty fells of Talkin. It is shut in from dis- 

 tant view by hills and extensive plantations. The physical fea- 

 tures of the district are very striking. The numerous rounded 

 and elongated mounds here seen are composed of the alluvial 

 drift, which to a great thickness covers the bright red sandstone 

 rock underlying the district. And this sandstone is only exposed 

 where the Gelt and other streams have cut deeply below the 

 general surface. The Tarn is situated a little to the west of the 

 enormous Pennine fault, and the only view from it extends to 

 the mountain limestone fells of Tindle and Caiitle Carrock. Pelt- 

 ing showers deterred some of the party from climbing Castle 

 Carrock Fell, which lay so temptingly near. 



The time spent in waiting for the second party from New- 

 castle was employed in the examination of the woods and the 

 margin of the lake ; and the boats and boating accommodation 

 and the Swans became objects of interest. The Blaeberry was 

 plentiful, and in full flower. The Little Whin and several 

 heath plants were gathered, and the Crab trees in all the hedge 

 rows covered with their pink flowers made a splendid show of 

 bloom. The second party, kindly guided by the Rev. Mr. White- 

 head and Dr. Thompson, and coming by a short route, joined at 

 the north end of the Tarn ; but much time was spent under the 

 shelter of trees, hedges, and umbrellas before starting for the 

 Gelt. On the road and on the margin of the lake boulders of 

 Criffel granite were observed, much larger than any occurring 

 near Gilsland or in the valleys running into the Tyne further to 

 the east, thus showing that much of the later drift of this lati- 

 tude has been brought from the north and west, and extended 

 eastward to the watershed of the Tyne. We entered the beauti- 

 ful ravine of the Gelt near the railway bridge, and with much 

 interest observed the deep cutting through both the drift above 

 and the sandstone underlying it. 



Rev. Mr. Whitehead addressed us on the history and traditions 

 of the neighbourhood, and Dr. Thompson took some photographs 

 of the party. A comfortable little Inn, hidden away in the ravine, 

 where a turnpike road crossed it, aiforded us some welcome re* 

 freshment. In this sheltered spot the trees were in full leaf, 



