THE TYNE, THE LOET BUBN, THE SKEENE. 303 



present, to fill it up. A tun, tunne, and its diminutive tunnel, 

 tcenel, is the same participle, with the same meaning." Also in 

 note at p. 207, ^'•Tina, Tinia, are cognate -words, from the same 

 origin, and with the same meaning. Diversions of Purley, Vol. 

 11. 1829. 



In French, Tine, a kind of tun for carrying water. 



The Eev. Isaac Taylor, in ' "Words and Places,' New Edition, 

 1882, p. 138, is inclined to think "that in these names" (among 

 others) "the Tyne in Il^orthumberland and Haddington, the 

 Teign in Devon, the Tian in the island of Jura, the Tean in 

 Stafford, the Teyn in Derbyshire, and the Tynet in Eanff, may 

 be found the root don. 



In a note to the same page he says " Some of these names 

 may be from the Celtic tian, running water, or perhaps from 

 ta-aon, the still river." 



This word tian, as already stated, is not to be found in the 

 Celtic dictionaries at my disposal. 



The word Tine, therefore, must have dropped in byegone ages 

 from the Celtic dialects, but has been preserved, like insects in 

 amber, by the invading and overlapping Anglo-Saxon, Scandi- 

 navian, and English tongues. 



The Icelandic, Scandinavian, and other languages quoted 

 above have another form, e.g., German hoch, which at first sight 

 appears not to be cognate with the Celtic form, e.g., uch ; but 

 if the aspirate be omitted from the former, and the guttural of 

 the latter retained, the resemblance of the two forms will be 

 sufficiently evident. 



The conclusion to be drawn from a consideration of these 

 quoted explanations, which (excluding Mr. Taylor's, which ap- 

 pears too speculative) are all more or less consistent with each 

 other, must be that the river in question was so named because 

 the Celtic people living to the south of it evidently saw that it 

 enclosed or shut in their land, and separated it from that beyond 

 or above it. Ifow the enclosure of land by a hedge, or other 

 fence, or by water, or anything else, implies the separation of 

 the part enclosed from its environments, and the enclosure is in 

 a sense lost to the open country. 



