CATALOGUE OF ME. N. J. WINCH's LICHENS. 309 



Mr. "Winch commended a special study even in botany, but he 

 was no specialist himself. He devoted himself to the subject 

 broadly, and perhaps mostly to the Phsenogams. It was there- 

 fore impossible for him to enter largely into the obscurities of 

 the lower forms of the Cryptogamia, especially with the want 

 of microscopic power and manipulation, now found to be neces- 

 sary, to thoroughly and correctly investigate and determine these 

 plants. In his Flora above quoted, he records some three hun- 

 dred species and forms of lichens. Our list falls short of that 

 number; but part of his lichens are in the collections of the 

 Linnseau Society or in the British Museum. 



Many of Winch's lichens were the gatherings of the Eev. 

 John Harriman, who was an industrious and careful lichenologist. 

 His exertions contributed largely to the knowledge of our 

 northern lichenology, and to its extension, by the discovery of 

 some new species. It would be interesting to know if Mr. 

 Harriman left behind him any lichen -herbarium, and if so, what 

 has become of it ? Mr. J. Thornhill's handwriting marks many 

 of those lichens in "Winch's collection. Whether or not he did 

 anything in gathering them we cannot say, but evidently he did 

 something towards determining them. Some few of them are 

 from Swartz, Sweden ; and some of them are from other parts 

 of England than ISTorthumberland and Durham. The value of 

 many of these plants is much diminished by having no locality 

 or date attached. Prom the confusion in which they have been, 

 lying for so many years, some have suffered from dust and the 

 ravages of insects. By the latter a few have been entirely con- 

 sumed, nothing being left but the wood or bark on which they 

 had grown. 



In naming the following list according to modern lichen-nomen- 

 clature, we shall give first the name found attached to the 

 plant, if any, and then the rdodern name. But, as in all old 

 Herbaria, many are not the species they were taken to be ; 

 while sometimes different species are classed under the same 

 name. And as this is not a systematic record of all the known 

 lichens of Northumberland and Durham, but only that of a 

 limited list, we have not introduced all the technicalities of 



