24 TEESDALE PLACE-NAMES. 



Dan. and Sw. horg, 0..H. G. ipuruc, pure, Mod. Ger., Dut. 

 and Flem. hurg, Lat. arx, castellum, Late Lat. hurgus, Fr. hourg, 

 It. horgo, Sp. castillo, cuidad, Port, hurgo, castello, aldea, Gr. 

 TTv/ayos. The Greeks called a highly elevated place Pergamos. 



'^ Bourg, Bourguig, bor ; Proven9. 5orc,* Espagn. hurgo; Ital. 

 iwryo ; du Latin lurgus, reQU dans la langue Latine des le lY""" 

 Siecle, et qui se rattache a 1' ancient haut-allemand lurg ; Goth. 

 haurgs, lieu fortifie. H y a aussi dans le Celtique iorg qui est 

 gaelique. Comparez le Grec Tnjpyos une tour." Littre. 



" The radical sense appears in hyrgja, to enclose, compare 

 also, lerg, a hill, and Ijarga, to save, defend. Borg thus partly 

 answers to town (properly an enclosure) ; and also includes the 

 notion of Lat. arx, and Gr. dKpoTroAis, a castle. Old towns were 

 usually built around a hill, which was especially a burg." 

 Cleasby. 



Wei. hurdeisdref, borough, caer, castle, castell, tour, mnddiffynfa, 

 stronghold, fortress ; Gael, haille-mdr, horgh ; Ir. hrug, hrugh, 

 hruidhin, hruighin ; Manx, halley. These last, no doubt, from 

 hurgh and lallium. 



In Shetland there, are the Picts' hrocks, or round towers. 



" Borough, hurg, harrow, are from the Gothic and A.-S. hyrgan, 

 to bar, to defend, keep safe, protect, fortify, &c." H. Tooke. 



" Berry, a borough." Halliwell. 



" Burgh, harugh, haurg (pron. barf), a hill, usually one forming 

 a low ridge of itself, as Lang-barugh, in Cleveland." Atkinson. 



Barrows were piled up not only in honour of, but also as a 

 defence or protection of, the dead. 



The "Barras Bridge" at Newcastle is a misnomer; the bridge 

 was built near the barrows or burial places of those who, before 

 the middle of the sixteenth century, died of leprosy, and of 

 the plague ; the proper name, therefore, of the bridge is the 

 Barrows Bridge. 



" It was a thing common among our Saxon Ancestors (says 

 Verstegan) as by Tacitus, it also seems to have been among the 

 other Germans, that the dead bodies of such as were slain in the 

 Field and bury'd there, were not laid in graves, but lying on 

 the ground were covered over with Turfs or Clods of Earth, 



