TEESDALE PLACE-NAMES. 33 



Castle. 



Lat. castellum, castrum; It. castello; Sp. eastillo; Port, castello ; 

 Fr. chateau, castle, fort, citadel, stronghold. 



^^ Chateaii. — Picard. catiau, catieu, catcheu ; bourguig. cJiaiUa; 

 Prov. castelh ; Catal. castell, du Lat. castellum, diminutif de cas- 

 trum, lieu fortifie ; en vieux Francais, U chastels on chastaus.''^ 

 Littre. 



A.-S. castel, castle; Dan. hastel, slot; Sw. hastell, slott ; Ger. 

 kastel, schloss ; Dut. hasteel ; "Wei. kasteel, twr, tur ; Grael. tur, 

 tor, dwn, caisteal; Ir. tor, caiseal, &c. ; Plem. hasteel, slot, burg. 

 ■ " Icel. hastali, fr. Lat. castellum, a castle, fastness, (a dome- 

 shaped hill in Iceland is called hastali).'''' Cleasby. 



Manx carrog, carrich, stronghold, cosMal ; Corn, and Bret, 

 castel. 



Prom Latin castrum has penetrated into Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, 

 Teutonic, and all the Eoman — in varying form, and Scandinavian 

 dialects ; good evidence of the influence of the Eoman power 

 over a great extent of Europe. 



Examples : — 



Barnardcastle . *" 



Bowes Castle — see Bog.f 



Greencastle — on Eoman road. The Eoman castra and roads 



which have been let alone are all green — covered with good 



grass. 



Eaby Castle — see By and Eaby. 



Eoper Castle — or round table. ? Eoper. 



* Barnard Castle was named after Barnard Baliol, a forefather of John Baliol, who 

 founded the castle 1112-32. There are some disparaging proverbs concerning this 

 place in Mr. Longstaffe's little handbook, EichmondsMre, e.g. " Lartington frogs and 

 Barney Cassel butcher dogs ;" " Barney Cassel wisp," an untidy person ; " Come, 

 come, that's Barney Cassell" — not quite fair. 



" A coward, a coward of Barney Castell, 

 Dare not come out to fight a battell,." 



t Bowes Castle^" When Julius Cassar was a king 



Bowes Castle was a famous thing." 



Murray's Handbook for Yorkshire, p. 368. 



D 



