TEESDALE PLACE-NAMES. 71 



Engl, yard, garth, e.g., a church yard, a potatoe garth, a stack 

 garth ; Scotch gaird, a garden or gairdeu, properly of pot hefbs, 

 a kailyard, or garth. 



" In Celtic also, gerden is to hedge about, (v. Schilteri Gloss. 

 p. 346), to which add -^opros, an inclosure in which a flock 

 of birds may be kept ; 7rept/3oAos ttj? dvXrjs, as Hesychius 

 has it. Scarcely another word can be found in the whole 

 of our language that has been in use so extensively, or which 

 has left its traces in the language of so many nations, and they 

 so widely differing from each other. For in ancient times it 

 was in common use, as may be gathered from the observations 

 as well of Stiernhjelm in the Glossarium TJlphilanum, as of 

 "Wachter and others, in the speech of the Parthians, Carthagi- 

 nians, Greeks, Latins, and Celts ; nor was it unknown among 

 the Sarmatae and other nations of the Sclavonic family. 



As to its first origin, many believe that it is to be found in 

 Hebrew IIJi, cinxit, in which, by a slight transposition of let- 

 ters, gard is easily formed. Wachter, however, attributes to us 

 Suiones alone, the glory of having preserved the root, because 

 we have gyrda, cingere, whence gordel, gjord, cingulum,'^' the 

 original Suio-Gothic word has been preserved, and we know that 

 gyrda has come from gard. 



The original signification is that which I have said was the 

 most probable, namely, any enclosure to ward off either noisome 

 beasts or human enemies. 



II. Aream clausam, septum. This simply means that area 

 which is in front of the house, and which was usually sur- 

 rounded by a hedge or other erection. 



Fiskeg °rd— fishpond, or enclosure for catching fish. 



Humblegard — hop garth or field. 



Ortegard — hortus ; A.-S. ortgeard, vyrtgeard, and orceard, 

 whence orchard. 



Honsgard — a poultry yard. 



Ladugard — place where the barns are, and oxen stalled. 



Manngard — where the people live. 



* Anglice girdle, in the Newcastle dialect gord, a hoopi 



