lEESPALE PLACE-NAMES. 79 



branches of trees are commonly in popular speech called 

 graifis. 



" Grai7t, a separate, linear, portion of a thing, whether still 

 attached to, or detached from, the rest ; as the branch of a tree, 

 the tine of a fork." Atkinson's Clev. Dial. 



" Also a branch of a dale." East Yorks. Engl. Dial. Soc. 



Grains reminds one strongly of drains : they are plentiful in 

 Upper Teesdale on the hill sides, where a variable number of 

 them unite to form a sike, or fall into a beck, or one or more 

 sikes make a beck, which ends in a river. See Brocks. 



Grain, then, is an Icelandic and Scandinavian word, and has 

 cognate relatives in Greek and High and Low German, and has 

 been left us by the Danes or Norsemen. 



Examples : — 



Bleabeck Grains — drains to the Black Beck, or Bleaberry Beck 

 Grains. 



Grains o' the Beck — branches of the beck, in Luuedale. 



Grain Beck — ^beck with grains. 



High Grain. 



Hndeshope Grains — drains to, or of, Uddo's hope. 



Long Grain. 



Soulgill Grains — drains to the Willow Gill. A.S. sealh, willow. 



And many others. 



Gkakge. 



Fr. grange. Batiment de ferme destine au logement des gerbes, 

 et au battage des grains — ' Tons les bles sont au grange.' 



Etym. Bourguin. grainge ; 'ProYenc^al. granja and granga ; Sp. 

 and Port, granja ; Bas Lat. granica, also granea, from Lat. gra- 

 num^ grain, corn, a grain ; but liorreum, a barn or granary. 



Gael, grainnseach,, granary, laile, fearainn, &c. ; Wei. tyddyn, 

 8yddyn,fferm ; Manx thie-eirinagh, farmer's house ; Bret, mereuri. 



Ger. Meierhof, grange ; Dut. and Flem. schuur. id. 



Dan. avisgaard. Meieri, grange, farm, tenement, country house. 



Sw. TrosJdoge, londhemmen. id. 



A Norman French word, from Lat. granum. 



" Grange, granagium, a barn or granary, originally and strictly 



