tEESDALE PLACE-NAMES. 187 



tu7i properly means a hedge or fence, and thence came wider 

 significations, as villam, hortum, territorium. Al. %un. Isl. tun. 

 Belg. tuyn. Ger. %au7i. C.B. dinas, civitas, urbs. In foreign 

 parts, and among nations of Celtic origin, many places which 

 end in dunum, as Lugdunum, &c., which stand on an elevated 

 site, have been so named according to the learned. Bun^ indeed, 

 among the old Celtse, denoted a hill, collem, teste Plutarcho. 

 A.-S. dun^ dune, mons. Angl. down, Gall, dunes, montes arenosi 

 in littoribus. Yide "Wachterus in dun.'''' Ihre. 



"A.-S. tiin, a plot of ground fenced round or enclosed by a 

 hedge, hence, 1 . a close field, a dwelling with the enclosed land 

 about it. 2. a dwelling, house, mansion, yard, farm. 3. a 

 village, town, the territory lying within the boundary of a town, 

 &c. Tun-stede, a town place or stead." Bosworth. 



" Tun, septum quodvis, vicus, pagus, villa, oppidum. Item 

 prsedium, fundus, ager, possessio. Item, hortus et vicis locus." 

 Lye. 



0. H. G. %im; Mod. Ger. %aun, dorf, stadt ; Piatt Deut. tuun'. 

 Dut. tuin, dorp ; Wei. din, dinas; Gall, tuin; Ir. and Gael. dun. 



Lat. vicus, villa, pagus, oppidum; It. casa, villa, villaggio; Sp. 

 aldeia, villa, lugar ; Port, aldea or aldeia, povo ; Pr. hameau, 

 village. 



' ' Town, fun, ten, are the past tense and past participle of the 

 A.-S. verb tynan, to enclose, to encompass, to tyne." H. Tooke. 



Hence perhaps the river Tyne is so called, from its having 

 been the line of separation between the Brigantes and the Otta- 

 deni or Mgeatae. See " The Tyne, the Lort Burn, and the 

 Skerne." Tyneside IT. P. C, vol. viii. 



Examples : — 



Blackton (twice) — ? from its colour. 



Carlton, also Carltun — t. of ceorls, churls, peasants, or from 

 proper name Carl. 



Cotherstone "is in Domesday Book Codre's or Cother's tun." 

 Whitaker. It is now famous for its cheese. 



In Symeon of Durham, vol. i., p. 151, Surtees' Society, it is 

 Cuthbertstun. It is said to have been one of the resting places 

 of St. Cuthbert. 



