14 DURHAM DIPTERA. 



(C.I.) the prefixes fore and mid or mid and hind, about 

 which there can be no mistake, in the comparatively 

 few cases in which they are required. 

 Each leg consists of nine joints : 

 (i) The Coxes, the joints attached to the body. 



(2) The Trochanters, very small and inconspicuous. 



(3) The Femora or Thighs. 



(4) The Tibia or Shins. 



(5) The Metatarsus or First Tarsal Joint. 



(6) The Second Tarsal Joint. 



(7) The Third Tarsal Joint. 



(8) The Fourth Tarsal Joint. 



(9) The Fifth Tarsal Joint. 



(10) The Knees are the extremities of the femora and 



tibiae, about where they join. 



(11) The 5th Tarsal Joint bears the claws, ungues, or 



unguiculi, beneath which are the foot-pads, 

 pulvilli, or onychia. Between the two claws is the 

 empodium. 



(12) Parts of the Joints. — The base is the part nearest 



to the body. The tip, end, apex, or distal portion 

 is that which is farthest from the body (Plate VII. 

 15). The tinder or inner side is the side which 

 would be beneath, if the leg were spread out at 

 right angles to the body. The underside of the 

 tibise and femora shut up against one another. 

 The upper or outer side is the opposite side, 

 that which would be above were the legs spread 

 out. The foreside is that which is on the head 

 side ; the hinderside that which is on the abdomen 

 side, when the legs are spread out. Half-way 

 between any of these four sides is indicated by 

 combining the terms, as under foreside, upper 

 hindside, &c. See Plate VII., 15, 16. 

 II. The Wings. — The names given to the veins and cells 

 differ greatly with different authors, and their nomen- 

 clature appears sometimes quite arbitrary, and often 



