CATAL0GT7E OF MOTHS. 63 



60. H. cirsiana, Zell. 



Halonota cirsiana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 211. 



„ ,, Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 95. 



Epiblema pflugiana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 495. 



Widely distributed, and probably occurring all over the 

 district. Mr. Finlay fouud it on Needless Hall Moor, but 

 never plentiful. Mr. Maling recorded it in the Transactions 

 for 1875 (p. 281). We find it commonly about thistles and 

 Centaurea round Hartlepool. The insect flies in June and July, 

 and will be found when looked for about the food plant. The 

 larva feeds in the stems, and is not very easy to rear. 



61. H. scutulana, W.Y. 



Halonota scutulana. Staint. Man., vol. ii., p. 212. 



Wilk. Brit. Tort., p. 96. 

 Epiblema pflugiana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 495. 



Perhaps only a large form of the preceding species. ISTeither 

 Sfainton nor Wilkinson differentiate them other than by size. 

 Their habits and food are the same, and Wilkinson says the 

 larvae can only be distinguished by size, and the imagines 

 appear at the same time. Yet Mr. Gardner holds they are very 

 distinct, and says Scutulana is an inhabitant of woods only, and 

 Cirsiana of fields and lanes. Merrin, it may be noticed, says 

 Cirsiana occurs in lanes. Einlay records Pflugiana as generally 

 distributed and not uncommon, and Cirsiana he found in one 

 place only, and not plentiful. Both occur here at Hartlepool, 

 but others must decide whether there is one species or two. 



62. H. grandaevana, Zell. 



Epihlema grandcevana. Meyr. Hdbk. Brit. Lep., p. 496. 



This appears to be confined to the county of Durham. It 

 was introduced as a British species by the late Christopher 

 Eales from . examples taken at South Shields. Mr. Gardner 

 found a specimen in a box of unnamed small things taken at 

 Hartlepool, and we made a special search for the insect and 



