A SURVEY OK THE LOWER TEES MARSHES 107 



Still, the association is clearly separable from the Jiincetuni for 

 Fhalaris is plentiful, and Scrophularia aquatica attracts one by 

 its presence, the latter being elsewhere non-existent, and the 

 former conspicuously rare in the west generally. Further- 

 more, Spiraea Ulmaria (never really absent anywhere) grows 

 freely, and here other shrubs like Crataegus oxyacantha, Rosa 

 canina and also Fraxinus excelsior appear. With these excep- 

 tions the associated plants agree in the main with those just 

 listed. 



Finally, the marsh as a whole degenerates into a hetero- 

 geneous growth of marsh and hedgerow plants, intermingled 

 with weeds from cultivated land and stragglers of diverse 

 predilections. A selected portion of the western " finger " 

 supported the following plants : — 



Ranunculus acris Rumex spp. 



R. bulbosus Scabiosa arvensis 



Lychnis dioica Centaurea nigra 



Epilobium hirsutum Scrophularia nodosa 



Heracleum sphondyllium Urtica dioica 



Galium cruciata Phalaris arundinacea 



G. aparine Phragmitis vulgaris 



Vicia cracca Holcus lanatus 



Potentilla anserina Dactylis glomerata 



Spiraea Ulmaria Lolium perenne 



Geranium pratense Agrostis canina 



All more or less abundant. 

 The Vegetation of the Stagnant Lodes and their Banks. 



This is far from being uniform, for Phalaris, Epilobium, and 

 Phragmitis, in and out of the water, alternate in supremacy, 

 but yield occasionally in the water to Lemna fninor and to 

 algae of the genera Spirogyra und Vaiicheria* Very occasion- 

 ally Veronica beccahinga can be seen. Only one other point 

 deserves note, and that is that on the central transverse lode, 

 Thalicirum flavum, both down to the water and on the sides, 

 has produced the germs of a future powerful colony to replace 

 those being swamped by Fhalaris and Heracleum just above. 

 Otherwise the plants encountered are those typical of the fen 

 associations. 



* Very probably V. scssilis. 



