224 MR. NICHOLAS TEMPERLEY S REPORT OF 



trees showing the ravages of insects, fungi, etc., as well as 

 cones and other seeds. The whole has been, and is, under 

 the skilful control of Mr. J. F. Annand, M.Sc. As soon as he 

 began operations a few years ago, he had all the rabbits 

 exterminated. They are fatal to forestry. He cut out the 

 worthless trees and let light in. At once the effect of these 

 two operations was seen in the springing up of self-sown 

 youngsters, chiefly sycamore and ash. That is, " natural 

 regeneration " was established, which is much cheaper than 

 having to raise in the nursery, or buy, and plant out young 

 trees. Among the conifers in the nursery are Scots and 

 Corsican pine, Douglas fir, spruce, larch, both European and 

 Japanese species, and thuja. Deciduous seedlings include 

 elm, chestnut, willows of various species, and beech. On a 

 former visit twelve months ago we had seen a plot of young 

 spruce attacked by Cherines abietis, which produces a ball like 

 a small pine-apple or pseudo-cone that arrests tlie growth of 

 the young twigs. These young trees had been so vigorous 

 that they had been able to throw off the evil effects of this 

 attack, and looked little the worse. In contrast to this, else- 

 where serious damage had been caused by this Chermes. 



The establishment is provided with a modern apparatus 

 for the distillation of wood, yielding charcoal, tar, acetic acid 

 and potash. This is an economic disposal of wood of almost 

 any kind and size, including branches that are otherwise 

 unsaleable. These products have a good market. Unfor- 

 tunately the war has caused here, as elsewhere, a lack of 

 labour and a lack of students, so all forestry operations are at 

 a standstill — distillation, nursery-work, planting out, etc. The 

 only activity in the woodlands of Great Britain at present is 

 the rapid felling for the needs of the war and of collieries. 



The late cold spring was emphasised by the limited variety 

 of flowers in bloom. These included lesser celandine, wood 

 anemone, lady's smock, vernal whitlow grass, shepherd's 



