FIELD MEETINGS FOR 1917 227 



In some of the bogs the smooth water-horsetail, Equisetnm 

 limosum, grows profusely, and among it were patches of the 

 white tassels of the broad-leaved cotton-grass. Several species 

 of Carex were abundant, including C. paniculata, C. sfelliilaia, 

 C. pulicaris, C. panicea, C, leporiiia ivnd C. remota. 



Portions of the bog were dominated by Carex goodenowii, 

 others by Scirpus palustris. In our brief exploration we 

 observed Juticus squarrosus, "y. ariiculatus, "jf. effusus. Other 

 bog-plants were — 



butterwort (abundant) 

 marsh arrow-grass 

 purple orchis 

 marsh thistle 

 marsh lousewort 

 marsh ragwort 



marsh pennywort 

 valerian 

 marsh valerian 

 bog stitchwort 

 hemp agrimony 



Elsewhere there were in flower : guelder rose, wild rasp, 

 figwort, foxglove, bladder campion ; and the spear-thistle was 

 identified. The visit was just too late for the bloom of the 

 bog-bean and the cuckoo-flower, but the first wild roses were 

 seen. 



On some of the drier parts of the moor bracken dominated 

 everything, and little or nothing could grow beneath it. In 

 other places were seen patches of furze, of common heather, 

 bilberry, crowberry, and odd plants of fine-leaved and cross- 

 leaved heath. Interesting problems of such areas are afforded 

 by the observation and consideration of plant associations, as 

 regulated by the varying conditions of subsoil, moisture, 

 exposure, etc. This aspect of Waldridge Fell has been treated 

 amply by Mr. Harold Jeffreys, D.Sc, in the 'yoiirnal cf 

 Ecology for December, 1916. Among the grasses that have 

 possession of different parts of the ground are waved hair- 

 grass {Aira flexiiosa), crested dog's-tail {Cynosums cristatus), 

 mat-grass {Nardil s strkta), brown bent-grass {Agrostis canina). 

 To these may be added the purple moor- rass {Molinia 

 ccBrulea) which flowers rather later. 



