Io8 A RAMBLE UP BURNHOPE. 



When I got home I illustrated it to myself with two packs 

 of cards. One pack, held at the edge of the table, repre- 

 sented the undisturbed strata, with the ends of the cards 

 slightly sloping to represent the hanging side of the crack. 

 Half of the other pack, pressed against the lower half of he 

 first pack, represented the lower beds on the other side of the 

 crack before their upheaval. Holding the half pack about 

 the middle, I slowly raised it till it assumed the position 

 shown in the photograph. This gave me an exact illustration, 

 a working model, in fact, of what I conceived had taken place 

 along the line of the fault. 



There was still time to go round by Burtree Ford on my 

 way to the station. So returning to the road, not down the 

 rugged bed of the stream (I had had enough of that) but by 

 the moor edge, a ten minutes walk took me to the bridge 

 above the fall. As I would be able to have a good look at 

 the fall on my way back, I did not stop then, but only noting 

 the almost horizontal lie of the posts of the Four-fathom 

 Limestone, which shows at the top of the fall, I took the foot- 

 path that leads up the right bank of the Killhope burn. For 

 some twenty or thirty yards or more the bed of the stream is 

 filled with chippings from the whinstone quarry above, and 

 no rock was visible. But soon the same formations began to 

 show themselves as in the Black Cleugh and in Burnhope. 

 Looking up the stream, shelf after shelf of steeply dipping 

 strata showed up their jagged points on either side of the 

 burn, whose waters had worn a lower channel, and rushed in 

 a series of tiny rapids down the steep upper faces of the 

 different layers of the limestones and the harder sandstones. 

 The positions of the shales and softer sandstones were repre- 

 sented by lower troughs, partly filled up with quarry chippings. 



The beds came in the same order as in the Black Cleugh. 

 The Three-yard Lime showed first, then the Five-yard, the 

 Scar, the Cockleshell, and the Singlepost. But here the burn 

 had worn more deeply into the strata, down to the intrusive 

 mass of whin, which here showed itself under a bed of hard 

 quartzite of a slightly bluisli grey colour. The difiference 



