A RAMBLE UP BURNHOPE. IO9 



between the laminated strata of the metamorphic sandstone 

 and the massive blocks of the cracked whin was very marked. 



Just below the Scar Limestone in the bed of the stream 

 (below, I mean, in geological order, just above it streamwards) 

 was a dark blue sandstone, very hard and close grained, and 

 showing small reddish specks, hence called locally the Copper 

 Hazle. It seemed to me very like the dark blue crystaline 

 sandstone which I had seen in the Limekiln Syke coming out 

 below the whetstone bed. A little higher up the stream than 

 the whinstone another limestone appeared, the Tynebottom. 

 It seemed to come out below the whin, and still higher up 

 the whin again appeared in great masses in the burn, and 

 for a considerable distance was succeeded by sandstones and 

 shales with only a slight eastward dip. So that apparently 

 the same disturbances had taken place here as in the other 

 burns, only that the Killhope stream had worn itself down 

 into lower layers than in the Black Cleugh, and tapped the 

 Tynebottom Limestone below the whin. 



The limestone which comes out below the whin in the 

 Killhope burn is regarded by many local geologists as the 

 Jew Limestone, because they take for granted that the whin is 

 an overflow, and must always keep the same horizon. And 

 because it is generally found below the Tynebottom and above 

 the Jew Limestones, the first lime above the whin is identified 

 with the Tynebottom, and the lime below with the Jew. It is 

 thus marked on the Ordnance Survey sections of local mines, 

 which are no doubt copied from local plans. 



Before setting out on this ramble I had got the loan of the 

 geological maps of the district and the sheet of mine sections. 

 And I had been much interested, and somewhat puzzled, in 

 their examination, especially in the deeper sections of the 

 Burtree Pasture and Slitt mines, the only ones reaching down 

 to the whinstone. Either the whin was in a different position 

 in each mine or a large number of beds, including a lime- 

 stone, had disappeared in the Burtree mine. 



Now the position of the whin at the quarry in Killhope 

 seemed to me exactly to correspond to its place in the 



