338 THE SPIDERS OF THE TYNE VALLEY. 



Hardy, Mr. Hull, or both, and 81 additions to the known 

 fauna of Northumberland. The two previous observers have, 

 however, reported 28 species which I did not obtain in the 

 Tyne Valley. Their names will be found in the first two 

 appendices. In the third appendix is a list of various spiders 

 found in Cumberland and the Lake District, but which have 

 not as yet turned up in either of the two North Eastern 

 counties. The total for the four northern counties is 322 

 species, a number that exceeds that of the spiders recorded 

 in the Irish or Scottish lists. The Northumberland list itself 

 considerably exceeds that of any English county with the 

 exception of Dorset, and contains the names of about half the 

 species known to inhabit Britain. I also publish the names 

 of 14 kinds of Phalangidea or harvest-spiders ; only 25 

 species are recorded as British. In addition to these I record 

 the name of the solitary species of Chernetid, or Pseudo- 

 scorpion, known to inhabit Northumberland. 



I have added to the names of these Arachnids some account 

 of the kinds of locality in which they may be found, and the 

 seasons in which they are adult. Their distribution in the 

 British Isles and on the Continent has also been indicated, 

 and I have tried to do this on the lines of Dr. Carpenter in his 

 " List of the Spiders of Ireland." To this work I am indebted 

 for much useful information, and I much regret that I have 

 not had access to such a large quantity of appropriate 

 literature as had the author. 



Mr. Hardy, as I have stated, made his observations in the 

 extreme north of the county, and on both sides of the Cheviots. 

 Mr. Hull travelled about and worked at various distant points. 

 My collecting on the other hand has been done entirely in the 

 valley of the Tyne. With the exception of a day at Whitley 

 Bay, and another at Bellingham, I have worked within a 

 radius of ten miles from Hexham. Most of my collecting 

 indeed has been done within four or five miles of that town. 

 The district of course is a very rich one, but has a limitation, 

 in that the country, though very beautiful, has little or no 

 tendency to diversity. The formation is Carboniferous, and 



