392 THE SPIDERS OF THE TYNE VALLEY. 



Leptyphantes terricola (Koch). Abundant amongst 

 dead leaves, fallen pine-needles, and herbage in woods. 

 This is another spider common in northern countries at 

 low levels, but in Central Europe being confined to 

 mountainous districts. It is common in Scotland, Ulster, 

 and the North of England, but is rare in the South of 

 England and of Ireland. It occurs in Norway, Sweden, 

 Germany, Austro-Hungary, and the Tyrol. Also, though 

 rarely, in France and Switzerland. 



Leptyphantes leprosus (Ohl.). Not very common, but 

 sometimes found in outhouses, timber stacks, etc. Males 

 are adult from autumn to spring. It is widely distributed 

 in Britain and Ireland, and abroad occurs from Kamt- 

 schatka to St. Helena. 



Leptyphantes minutus (BL). A woodland spider, in- 

 habiting the crevices of bark, and especially found under 

 that of dead or dying trees. Males are adult in September 

 and October; they very seldom survive the winter, the 

 species contrasting strongly in this particular with most 

 of its congeners. The females are more hardy, and 

 survive in much diminished numbers till spring. Widely 

 distributed at home. It is commoner in northern than in 

 southern Europe, and occurs also in North America. 



Labulla thoracica (Wid.). Fairly common in woods under 

 overhanging banks, on mossy rocks and walls, and in the 

 crevices of lichen-covered bark. i\dult in late summer. 

 Generally distributed in Britain, Ireland, and on the 

 Continent. 



Linyphia clathrata (Sund.). Common in every situation, 

 and adult all the year round. Of Holarctic distribution. 



Linyphia montana (Clerck). Not very common, but 

 sometimes found in the angles of sheds, timber stacks, 

 etc., or beaten from the branches of spruce, yew, or gorse. 

 Adult in May and June. Another Holarctic form. 



